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動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)追蹤
[HTML]<br>[/HTML] 近幾年高考試題側(cè)重對(duì)動(dòng)詞各種用法的考查，其中又以考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)為重中之重。為了幫助同學(xué)們備考，以近幾年高考題為例，對(duì)高考�？嫉臅r(shí)態(tài)的概念及考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析歸納。一、對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查
1）考查其基本概念：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一個(gè)習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。常與表示習(xí)慣的副詞always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等連用。但近幾年，對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查常用過去時(shí)態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)同學(xué)們進(jìn)行干擾。如：
1. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which ________ the Pacific, and we met no storm. （2005年遼寧卷）
A. was called B. is called
C. had been called
D. has been called
（劃線的為答案，以下同）
2. Although he has lived with us for years, he ___ us much impression. （2004年上海春季卷）
A. hadn’t left
B. didn’t leave
C. doesn’t leave
D. hasn’t left
2）考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的替代用法：在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，在以if, unless, once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和以no matter, however, even if 等詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，如果主句中的動(dòng)詞用一般將來時(shí)，從句中的動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。如：
3. — What would you do if it _____ tomorrow?
— We have to carry it on ,since we’ve got everything ready. （2005年全國卷）
A. rain B. rains
C. will rain D. is raining
二、對(duì)一般過去時(shí)的考查
一般過去時(shí)表示在過去某時(shí)某刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，它常與表過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般過去時(shí)也經(jīng)常用在沒有說明過去的時(shí)間狀語的句子中，這是高考的命題方向。如：
4. More than a dozen students in that school ____ abroad to study medicine last year. （2005年上海卷）
A. sent
B. were sent
C. had sent
D. had been sent
三、對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“be+現(xiàn)在分詞”，被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為“amisare+being+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。如：
5. — What’s the terrible noise？
— The neighbours ____ for a party. （2004年北京卷）
A. have prepared
B. are preparing
C. prepare
D. will prepare
注①表示感覺、愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞have, hear, see, like, contain, belong to, have on, understand, know 等一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。
②進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, often, forever, constantly等連用，表示一種感情（如贊揚(yáng)、厭煩等）。
③現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別是：前者表示動(dòng)作的暫時(shí)性而后者表示動(dòng)作的長期性。
四、對(duì)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查
1）把過去進(jìn)行時(shí)放在when, while, as 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中考查。如果主句謂語和從句謂語都發(fā)生在過去，動(dòng)作時(shí)間長的用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表達(dá)談話背景；動(dòng)作時(shí)間短的用一般過去時(shí)，表達(dá)新的信息。
6. —You were out when I dropped in at your house.
—Oh, I ____ for a friend from England at the airport. （2004年福建卷）
A. was waiting
B. had waited
C. am waiting
D. have waited
2）把過去進(jìn)行時(shí)放在某特定的語境中考查。
7. —Has Sam finished his homework today?
—I have no idea. He ____ it this morning. （2004年全國卷）
A. did B. has done
C. was doing D. had done
3）考查過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較。
8. Shirely ________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.
A. has written B. wrote
C. had written
D. was writing
五、對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考查
1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不僅表示動(dòng)作在說話之前已經(jīng)完成，而且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
9. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ____ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.（2005年湖北卷）
A. were deciding
B. have decided
C. decided
D. will decide
10. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ___by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. （2005年重慶卷）
A. has been caused
B. had been caused
C. will be caused
D. will have been caused
2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)至今并有可能繼續(xù)下去，常與for或since 等短語連用。如：
11. —The window is dirty.
— I know. It ________ for weeks. （2004年全國卷）
A. hasn’t cleaned
B. didn’t clean
C. wasn’t cleaned
D. hasn’t been cleaned
注：由終止性動(dòng)詞leave,&nb
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