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考研閱讀理解Part A命題規(guī)律與答題技巧（五）
五) 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題
1.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題的種類及題干表現(xiàn)形式
作者的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度題主要考查考生能否正確理解作者的寫作意圖、所持的觀點(diǎn)及闡述文章主題時(shí)的語氣或?qū)λ撌龅膶?duì)象的態(tài)度�；卮疬@類問題，考生務(wù)必細(xì)心地注意作者在描述事實(shí)和表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)時(shí)所使用的詞匯。作者往往要用一些帶有個(gè)人感情色彩或褒貶之分的詞匯來表明自己的態(tài)度。要正確判斷作者的觀點(diǎn)，必須把上下文聯(lián)系起來看，文章中所述的內(nèi)容并非都代表了作者的觀點(diǎn)。
這類題目用的關(guān)鍵提問詞或詞組有attitude, opinion, deem, show, according to the author, in the author's eye, disagree, feel, idea, impression等等。比如：
(1)The passage shows that the author is ____.
(2)The author's attitude towards ...seems to be ____.
(3)According to the author, ____.
(4)In the author's opinion/In the author's eyes/In the writer's opinion, ...
(5)The author thinks/believes/suggests/deems that ____.
(6)How does the author feel about ____.
(7)The author is most critical of ____.
(8)What is the author's opinion/idea about ...?
(9)Which of the following will the author agree/disagree with?
(10)The author's attitude towards ... might be summarized as one of ____.
(11)The tone of the passage can best be described as/is ____.
(12)What is the tone/mood of the passage?
(13)Which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author towards... ?
2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題的命題規(guī)律
1) 涉及文章思想處�？迹何恼碌闹行乃枷�、組織脈絡(luò)與作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度密切相關(guān)，要理解作者的觀點(diǎn)，需要通讀全文，分析作者的思路，把握文章脈絡(luò)，而后才能正確揣摩出作者的思想和態(tài)度。
2) 作者提出觀點(diǎn)處�？迹鹤h論文中作者思路一般是先提出觀點(diǎn)，而后給予論證和支持，最后得出與觀點(diǎn)相一致的結(jié)論。因此理解了作者的意圖和態(tài)度，就把握了作者的基本態(tài)度和中心思想。
3) 語義轉(zhuǎn)折和對(duì)比處�？迹赫Z義轉(zhuǎn)折和對(duì)比處往往是作者提出自己觀點(diǎn)的地方，是表明其基本思想，反映其觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度的關(guān)鍵所在。
4) 復(fù)雜句和特殊句型或句式處�？迹簭�(fù)雜句一般暗含作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)，特殊句型或句式提示讀者注意所說內(nèi)容的重要性，該內(nèi)容一般與作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度有密切聯(lián)系。
3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題干擾項(xiàng)與正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)
1）干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：
A 張冠李戴：別人的觀點(diǎn)與作者的觀點(diǎn)相混，兩個(gè)事物相混；
B 此類題型中的中性詞(如indifferent, ambivalent, neutral, humor, disinterested, impassive)一般均為干擾項(xiàng)。由于近幾年文章都是反映與社會(huì)聯(lián)系緊密、多為人們所擔(dān)心的現(xiàn)象，故作者對(duì)這些社會(huì)現(xiàn)象持批評(píng)或支持態(tài)度的較多。
2）正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：
A 態(tài)度推理判斷題，需注意行文中有無一定感情色彩的詞。這種題的答案一般多為褒義詞。
B 如果問對(duì)行文中提到的人們的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度，答案多為肯定或否定，絕對(duì)不會(huì)是中性。
C 如文章開頭提出一種現(xiàn)象，加以論述，作者的觀點(diǎn)多為支持。如開始是問句，答案往往是肯定的。
D 尤其注意行文中出現(xiàn)的claimed as, suppose, perceive as, considered as, ranked as 等詞，這些詞往往與作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度相反。
4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題答題技巧例解
這類題型測(cè)試考生在閱讀完文章后，能否正確理解文章語氣和作者態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)�；卮疬@類題目，不僅要理解全文大意，而且要抓住表達(dá)作者態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、意圖的關(guān)鍵詞，方可得出答案。
1）對(duì)于綜合判斷情感態(tài)度的問題，需分析段落大意，分析文章風(fēng)格，理解文章中心思想。例如：
The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.
Q: According to Paragraph 2, the author's attitude towards business on campuses dominated by purer disciplines seems to be____.
[A]scornful [B]appreciative [C]envious [D]realistic
答案是[A]。文章第二段(上文)意即，在充滿書卷氣的綠樹成蔭的校園里，MBA的商業(yè)氣息與貪婪顯得不那么濃重了。文章談?wù)摰氖菍?duì)MBA價(jià)值的懷疑，因此不可能是[B] appreciative，[C]envious；而作者在第二段的描述帶有濃厚的個(gè)人感情色彩，因此也不是[D] realistic；最終得出作者的態(tài)度是不屑一顧的， [A]是正確答案。
2)在分析作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度時(shí)，要善于抓住闡述作者思想的句子，從中挖掘信息做出正確的判斷。例如：
Under these circumstances, the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a real one. Ahead of us lie technical, psychic, and social transformations probably much more dramatic than those brought about by Gutenberg, the German inventor in printing. The Gutenberg revolution, as we now know it, took a long time; its effects are still being debated. The information revolution will touch every fact of composition, publication, distribution, and reading. No one in the book industry can say with any confidence what will happen to the book as we've known it.
Q: About the future of the arts of reading the author feels____.
[A]upset [B]uncertain [C]alarmed [D]pessimistic
答案是[B]。文章前面一直在說美國(guó)人的文化程度，尤其是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的閱讀能力令人擔(dān)憂。文章最后一段(上文)最后一句No one in the book industry can say with any confidence what will happen to the book as we誺e known it. 表達(dá)了作者的feeling，意即沒有人對(duì)未來書籍會(huì)發(fā)生什么變化抱有信心，也就是[B] uncertain不確定。
3)要分清選項(xiàng)中的褒義詞、中性詞和貶義詞，以此對(duì)照文章，分析作者的語氣和態(tài)度。
A 褒義詞有：positive, supporting, admiring, optimistic, praising, humorous, enthusiastic, pleasant, polite, interesting, sober, approving 等；
B 中性詞有：indifferent, neutral, impersonal, subjective, impassive, ambivalent, objective, informative, impartial, apathetic 等；
C 貶義詞有：disgusted, critical, depressed, disappointed, ironic, sarcastic, cynical, sentimental, negative, suspicious, tolerant, worried 等。
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