翻譯訓(xùn)練題及答案解析大學(xué)英語四級(jí)
四級(jí)翻譯（8.26）
1. Many college graduates find it difficult to get an ideal job today _________________(即使他們有學(xué)士學(xué)位).
2._____________________(與你對(duì)公司的貢獻(xiàn)相比)，what I have done was unworthy of mentioning.
3.Some experts recommend that______________(不應(yīng)太強(qiáng)調(diào)語法的重要性)at the early stage of children's language learning.
4.After supper she would sit down by the fire,_________________(有時(shí)長達(dá)一小時(shí)).
5.With a lot of assignments in hand,you __________________(不該出席昨晚的閉幕式).
答案解析:
1.even if/though they get Bachelor's degree
考查even if/though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。學(xué)士學(xué)位的固定表達(dá):Bachelor's degree。
2.Compared with your contribution to the company/In comparison with your contribution to the company
與…相比，可以翻譯為 Compared with或In comparison wih,對(duì)…的貢獻(xiàn)譯作contribution to。
3.importance shouldn't be attached to grammar too much
recommend表建議，其后面的賓語從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣，其形式為(should)+動(dòng)詞原形�！皬�(qiáng)調(diào)…的重要性”表達(dá)為attach importance to�！罢Z法”是強(qiáng)調(diào)的動(dòng)作承受者，需要用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
4.sometimes for as long as an hour
�。〞r(shí)間上）“長達(dá)”,用as long as 結(jié)構(gòu)。表示時(shí)間段用介詞for。
5.shouldn't/oughtn't to have attend the closing ceremony last night
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示對(duì)過去情況的猜測。待譯部分隱含“不該做但已經(jīng)做了”的意味，用shouldn't/oughtn't to have + 過去分詞表示。閉幕式用the closing ceremony表達(dá)；出席:attend。
四級(jí)翻譯（8.25）
1. Althrough her life, this woman applies herself to___________(幫助她女兒康復(fù)).
2. It needs the whole team's efforts___________(按原計(jì)劃實(shí)施這項(xiàng)工程).
3.Last week in his class,Professor Lee said that _____________________________(月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)).
4._____________________(每次他錯(cuò)過火車),he would go to the nearby bar for beer.
5.She realized her dream of becoming a writer eventually ____________(在歷盡艱辛之后).
答案解析:
1.helping her daughter(to) recover.
"專心做某事“的固定搭配是apply oneself to, to是介詞，后面要跟名詞性成分，故用名詞或動(dòng)名詞�！翱祻�(fù)”的表達(dá)為recover(from)。"幫助某人做某事"的表達(dá)為help sb. (to) do sth或help sb. with sth. 。
2.to implement this project as planned
名詞性從句在表達(dá)客觀規(guī)律時(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此時(shí)不要求與主句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。“實(shí)施”的表達(dá)為implement, 也可用carry out.“按原定計(jì)劃"的表達(dá)是as planned.
3.the moon revolves the earth
名詞性從句在表達(dá)客觀規(guī)律時(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此時(shí)不要求與主句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。旋轉(zhuǎn)的表達(dá)為revolve。自然界獨(dú)一無二事物的名詞前面用定冠詞修飾，如the earth,the moon。
4.Every time he missed the train
一些表示時(shí)間的名詞詞組，如the moment,last time,next time,every time等可用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。錯(cuò)過的表達(dá)為miss。從句的動(dòng)作先于主句，主句用了過去將來時(shí)，故從句用一般過去時(shí)。
5.after she went through many hardships
after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。歷盡艱辛，用go through many hardships表達(dá)；也可以用endure many hardships。
四級(jí)翻譯（8.24）
1.Anything that goes against the interest of people ____________ (注定以失敗告終).
2. If he had not turned a deaf ear to the doctor, ________ (傷早就治愈了).
3. The popular artist said she____________________________(喜歡古典音樂勝過流行音樂).
4. The market share of DDF Company_______ (占了總市場份額的五分之二）in our country so far.
5. ____________ (據(jù)報(bào)道將實(shí)施新規(guī)定)by 2012.
答案解析:
1.is doomed/bound to end in failure.
"注定"的表達(dá)有doomed to和to be bound to, 句子的主語為anything, 定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故主句的系動(dòng)詞be要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，即is. 以失敗告終的表達(dá)為end in failure.
2.the wound would have been cured/healed
if…h(huán)ad done表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬，從句時(shí)態(tài)用過去完成時(shí)，主句應(yīng)使用would have done的結(jié)構(gòu), "治愈"的表達(dá)為cure或者h(yuǎn)eal
考查被動(dòng)語態(tài): "傷"是"被治愈"，需用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
3.preferred classical music to popular songs
表示比較意義時(shí)不一定用比較級(jí)體現(xiàn)，還可以用固定搭配，如prefer…to…，be superior to等。"喜歡......勝過......"的表達(dá)為prefer…to…。
4.has accounted for two fifths of the total
"占"的表達(dá)為account for。"五分之 二"是分?jǐn)?shù),分子在前用基數(shù)詞,分母在后用序數(shù)詞.分子超過1時(shí),分母要用 復(fù)數(shù)形式。
5.It is reported (that) new regulation will have been enforced
主語"規(guī)定"是動(dòng)作"實(shí)施"的承受者，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 表示將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作時(shí)需用將來完成時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)主語不明或不特別強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，用it is reported(據(jù)報(bào)道), it is said(據(jù)說)等,后接不定式或從句。此題當(dāng)中"實(shí)施新規(guī)定"是從句，故用It is reported (that)句型。
四級(jí)翻譯（8.21）
1.Anything that goes against the interest of people ____________ (注定以失敗告終).
2. If he had not turned a deaf ear to the doctor, ________ (傷早就治愈了).
3. The popular artist said she____________________________(喜歡古典音樂勝過流行音樂).
4. The market share of DDF Company_______ (占了總市場份額的五分之二）in our country so far.
5. ____________ (據(jù)報(bào)道將實(shí)施新規(guī)定)by 2012.
答案與解析：
1.is doomed/bound to end in failure.
"注定"的表達(dá)有doomed to和to be bound to, 句子的主語為anything, 定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故主句的系動(dòng)詞be要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，即is.以失敗告終的表達(dá)為end in failure.
2.the wound would have been cured/healed
if…h(huán)ad done表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬，從句時(shí)態(tài)用過去完成時(shí)，主句應(yīng)使用would have done的結(jié)構(gòu)。"治愈"的表達(dá)為cure或者h(yuǎn)eal"傷"是"被治愈"，需用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
3.preferred classical music to popular songs
表示比較意義時(shí)不一定用比較級(jí)體現(xiàn)，還可以用固定搭配，如prefer…to…，be superior to等。"喜歡......勝過......"的表達(dá)為prefer…to…。
4.has accounted for two fifths of the total
"占"的表達(dá)為account for。"五分之 二"是分?jǐn)?shù),分子在前用基數(shù)詞,分母在后用序數(shù)詞.分子超過1時(shí),分母要用 復(fù)數(shù)形式。
5.It is reported (that) new regulation will have been enforced
主語"規(guī)定"是動(dòng)作"實(shí)施"的承受者，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。表示將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作時(shí)需用將來完成時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)主語不明或不特別強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，用it is reported(據(jù)報(bào)道), it is said(據(jù)說)等,后接不定式或從句。此題當(dāng)中"實(shí)施新規(guī)定"是從句，故用It is reported (that)句型。
四級(jí)翻譯（8.20）
1. Delegates from many nations proposed ___________(廢除更多的核電站).
2. The output of the workshop this month _________(相比增加了 20%) of last month.
3. _____________(最使我們困惑的是)is that this restaurant doesn't have any table at all.
4. Two tourists visited the service center frequently__________(投訴被收費(fèi)過高).
5. ___________(因?yàn)榇笠恍律Ｔ谛@迷路), the univerisity prepares the map for them.
答案解析:
1.(that) more nuclear power plants (should) be removed/abolished
動(dòng)詞proposed后的賓語從句中要求用虛擬語氣，其形式為: 謂語動(dòng)詞原形或should+動(dòng)詞原形。"廢除更多的核電站"是賓語從句，作動(dòng)詞proposed的賓語, that可省略。"核電站"譯為nudear power plant;"廢除"可用remove, 也可用abolish.核電站是"廢除"的承受者，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
2.has increased by 20 percent compared with that
英語當(dāng)中常用increase，go up，rise, grow…或decrease， reduce, drop, fall, decline等詞表示"增或減"。后跟by表示"增減了多少"，to表 示"增減到多少"。"與……相比"的表達(dá)為compared with…，with之后是比較的對(duì)象，常用代詞that指代上文提過的output。
3.What puzzles/confuses us most
漢語中的"的"字結(jié)構(gòu)可以用What引導(dǎo)的主語從句表達(dá)，作整個(gè)句子的主語。"使某人困惑"可譯為confuse sb或 puzzle sb.。"最"表程度，用most修飾謂語動(dòng)詞confuse/puzzle。
4.to complain of/about being overcharged
"投訴"的表達(dá)為complain,其后跟名詞時(shí)要用about或 of "收費(fèi)過高"的表達(dá)為overcharge/charge too much.主語two tourists是動(dòng)作overcharge的承受者，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。visit的賓語后出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞，要用to連接，表示目的。
5.Because/Since the freshmen often lose their way on campus// Because/Since the freshmen often get lost on campus.
在句首接從句表示原因常用because/since."迷路"表達(dá): 常用固定搭配lose one's way或get lost."大一新生"表達(dá)為freshmen.
四級(jí)翻譯（8.19）
1. The new policy established last month_________________(使跨文化交流成為可能).
2. If his parents had found this earlier,______________(他就不會(huì)吸煙上癮).
3. The girl taken to the court by the police claimed that__________(被說服吃藥).
4. ______________ (如果你按照我的指令的話), the computer wouldn't have broken down.
5. When they got off the plane,_________(外賓們收到了熱烈歡迎) by the children.
答案解析:
1. makes it possible to have cross-culture/cross-cultural communication
"使...成為可能"的表達(dá)為make it possible to do sth.。真正賓語是cross-culture/cross-cultural communication。"跨文化"的表達(dá)為cross-culture,也可用其形容詞cross-cultural;"交流"的表達(dá)為communication。
2.he wouldn't have been/become addicated to smoking.
由if...had done引導(dǎo)，表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬，從句時(shí)態(tài)過去完成時(shí)，主句應(yīng)用would have done的結(jié)構(gòu)。
3.she had been talked into taking medicine//she had been persuaded to take medicine
主語The girl是"說服"的承受者，故用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。"被說服"表達(dá)為be talked into doing sth，也可用be persuaded to do sth表達(dá)。"吃藥"用take medicine表達(dá)，不能用eat medicine
4.If you had followed my instructions/orders //Had you followed my instructions/orders
當(dāng)主句出現(xiàn)woukl not havc done的形式時(shí)，從句應(yīng)采用過去完成時(shí)，即"had+過去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)。如果用if引導(dǎo)從句則是If+主渭的形式: if也可省略，在這種情況把had過于主語之前，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。"按照我的指令"，表達(dá)為follow my instructions/orders,注意多樣化的表達(dá)。
5.the foreign guests were given a warm welcome // the foreign guests were welcomed warmly
"熱烈歡迎"的表達(dá): 名詞形式用warm welcome，動(dòng)詞形式用be welcomed warmly."外賓"表達(dá)是foreign guests.
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