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Saving a City's Public Art
Avoiding traffic jams in Los Angeles may be impossible, but the city's colorful freeway murals ( 壁畫 ) can brighten even the worst commute. Paintings that depict (描述) famous people and historical scenes cover office buildings and freeway walls all access the city. With a collection of more than 2,000 murals, Los Angeles is the unofficial mural capital of the world.
But the combination of graffiti (涂鴉), pollution, and hot sun has left many L.A. murals in terrible condition. __________ (46) in the past, experts say, little attention was given to caring for public art. Artists were even expected to maintain their own works, not an easy task with cars racing by along the freeway.
__________ (47) The work started in 2003. So far,16 walls have been selected and more may be added later. Until about 1960, public murals in Los Angeles were rare. But in the 1960s and 1970s, young L.A. artists began to study early 20th-century Mexican mural painting. __________ (48)
The most famous mural in the city is Judith Baca's "The Great Wall", a 13-foot-high(4-meter-high) painting that runs for half a mile (0.8 kilometer) in North Hollywood.__________ (49) it took eight years to complete--400 underprivileged teenagers painted the designs--and is probably the longest mural in the world.
One of the murals that will be restored now is Kent Twitchell's "Seventh Street Altarpiece" which he painted for the Los Angeles Olympics in 1984. __________ (50) Twitchell said, "it was meant as a kind of gateway through which the traveler to L.A. must drive. The open hands represent peace."
Artists often call murals the people's art. Along a busy freeway or hidden in a quiet neighborhood, murals can teach people who would never pay money to see fine art in a museum,"Murals give a voice to the silent majority," said one artist.
A. The city trying to stop the spread of graffiti, has painted over some of the murals complete.
B. This striking work depicts two people facing each other on opposite sides of the freeway near downtown Los Angeles.
C. Artists like murals because they like the work of Mexican artitsts.
D. Now the city is beginning a huge project to restore the city's murals.
E. The mural represents the history of ethnic proups in California.
F. Soon their murals became a symbol of the city's cultural expressions and a showcase for LA's cultural diversity.
46.A�？瘴挥诙沃校耘c前后的句子都有語義上的銜接。從空格前的句子看，談?wù)摰氖峭盔f、污染和熾熱的陽光造成了壁畫的糟糕狀態(tài)，空格后談?wù)摰氖菍＜艺J(rèn)為公共藝術(shù)沒有得到足夠的重視，所以推斷空格處應(yīng)該談?wù)摰氖潜诋嫷脑愀馇闆r或者如何解決，故A(城市試圖阻止涂鴉的蔓延，所以在那些壁畫上涂上了油漆。)為最佳選項(xiàng)，其中A項(xiàng)中的graffiti與空格前句子中的graffiti有詞語銜接的一致性。重復(fù)詞的出現(xiàn)是體現(xiàn)語義銜接的重要標(biāo)志。
47.D。空格位于段落的首旬，空格后的句子談?wù)摰氖沁@項(xiàng)工作開始于2003年，已經(jīng)選擇了16堵墻的壁畫，隨后會(huì)加入更多的墻壁，尤其可推斷D(現(xiàn)在城市開始實(shí)施修復(fù)城市壁畫的巨大工程。)是正確答案，談?wù)摰氖菈Ρ诒诋嬓迯?fù)工作，the project與空格后句子中的the work也有語義上的銜接。
48.C�？崭裎挥诙温涞奈簿洌蚨c前面的句子有語義上的銜接。空格前提到洛杉磯那些年輕的藝術(shù)家開始研究20世紀(jì)早期的墨西哥壁畫，因而空格處話題應(yīng)與此有關(guān)，其中Mexican artists和Mexican mural painting體現(xiàn)出語義的銜接，故C(藝術(shù)家們喜歡壁畫是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g墨西哥藝術(shù)家的作品。)是正確答案，
49.E�？瘴挥诙沃校耘c前后的句子都有語義上的銜接。從空格前的句子看，談?wù)摰氖荰he most famous mural，從空格后的代詞“it”可以判斷，談?wù)摰膶?duì)象是個(gè)單數(shù)，由此可知空格所在的句子談?wù)摰倪�是The most famous mural…，故E(壁畫代表了加州地區(qū)種族群體的歷史。)是正確答案。主語的一致性是體現(xiàn)語義銜接的重要標(biāo)志。
50.B�？瘴挥诙沃�，所以與前后的句子都有語義上的銜接。從空格前的句子看，談?wù)摰氖荎ent Twitchell所創(chuàng)作的該幅壁畫是為1984年洛杉磯奧運(yùn)會(huì)所做，空格是創(chuàng)作者Kent Twitchell對(duì)其含義的解釋，因而空格處談?wù)摰倪�是這幅畫，再結(jié)合復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯Los Angeles可推斷空格處所填的句子為選項(xiàng)B或者選項(xiàng)F，但是選項(xiàng)F中的their murals為復(fù)數(shù)形式，由此可知B(這幅引人注目的作品刻畫了兩個(gè)人相互面對(duì)，分別立于洛杉磯市中心快車道的兩側(cè)的情況)為最佳答案。談?wù)搶?duì)象的單復(fù)數(shù)的一致性也是判斷語義銜接的重要標(biāo)志。
The Tough Grass that Sweetens Our Lives
Sugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roofing their houses and fencing their gardens. Gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose (蔗糖) and was chewed on for its sweet taste. Over time, sugar cane became a highly valuable commercial plant, grown throughout the world. __________ (46)
Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things, from confectionery (糖果點(diǎn)心 ) to medicine, and, as the demand for sugar grew, the industry became larger and more profitable.
__________ (47) Many crops withered( 枯萎)and died, despite growers' attempts to save them, and there were fears that the health of the plant would continue to deteriorate.
In the 1960s, scientists working in Barbodos looked for ways to make the commercial species stronger and more able to resist disease. They experimented with breeding programmes, mixing genes from the more delicate, commercial type. __________(48) This sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially, but when this happens, it is expected to be incredibly profitable for the industry.
__________(49) Brazil, which produces one quarter of the world's sugar, has coordinated an international project under Professor Paulo Arrudo of the Universidade Estaudual de Campinas in Sao Paulo. Teams of experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure of the plant are important for the production of sugar and its overall health.
Despite all the research, however, we still do not fully understand how the genes function in sugar cane __________ (50) This gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust, a disease which probably originated in India, but is now capable of infecting sugar cane across the world. Scientist believes they will eventually be able to grow a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust.
A. Eventually, a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before,but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.
B. One major gene has been identified by Dr Angelique D'Hont and her team in Montpelier,France.
C. Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.
D. Since the 1960s, scientists have been analyzing the mysteries of the sugar cane's genetic code.
E. The majority of the world's sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.
F. Unfortunately, however, the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.
46.E�？崭袂耙痪涓收岢闪艘环N極具價(jià)值的商業(yè)作物，在全世界種植�？瞻滋帒�(yīng)繼續(xù)談?wù)撈鋬r(jià)值，故E選項(xiàng)(現(xiàn)在世界上大部分糖都是產(chǎn)自這個(gè)特殊的商業(yè)作物)符合文意。
47.F�？崭袂疤岬綄�(duì)糖的需求增加，這個(gè)行業(yè)開始獲利，而空格后提到植物枯萎并死掉。前后具有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所有選項(xiàng)中只有F含有轉(zhuǎn)折詞however，故F(然而不幸的是這種植物開始變?nèi)酰兊萌菀椎貌?是正確答案。
48.A�？崭袂疤岬搅丝茖W(xué)家進(jìn)行不同植物基因混合的實(shí)驗(yàn)來培育新品種，空格后提到現(xiàn)在這種甘蔗植物還不準(zhǔn)備用作商業(yè)用途。由此可知，空白處講的應(yīng)該是關(guān)于新的甘蔗品種，故A(最終，一種新的商業(yè)甘蔗被培養(yǎng)出來，比之前的甜度增加5%，而且比之前的作物要更強(qiáng)壯，發(fā)病的可能性更小)是正確答案。
49.D�？崭窈罅信e了巴西的例子，指出科學(xué)家試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的影響含糖量和產(chǎn)量的基因結(jié)構(gòu)，故D項(xiàng)(自20世紀(jì)60年代起，科學(xué)家一直在研究甘蔗基因代碼的秘密)是正確答案。
50.B�？崭袂疤岬窖芯空邆�?nèi)匀粺o法完全了解甘蔗的基因，空格后提到這個(gè)基因尤其令人興奮，其中的this gene應(yīng)該指代空白處提到的某個(gè)基因，故B選項(xiàng)(一個(gè)主要的基因已經(jīng)由Angellique D’Hont博士及其團(tuán)隊(duì)鑒別出來了)符合文意。
The Day a Language Died
When Carios Westez died at the age of 76, a language died, too. Westez, more commonly
known as Red Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of the Native American language Catawba.
Anyone who wants to hear the songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where, back in the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations. __________ (46) They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone forever.
We are all aware of the danger that modem industry can cause the world's ecology (生態(tài)).
However, few people are aware of the impact widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the word. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerful languages as well. __________ (47) When this happens, hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out.
Scholars believe there are around 6,000 languages around the world, but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years. There are many examples, Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults, so like Catawba, Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers. __________(48) In the Americas,100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speakers, are dying out.
Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the danger of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue.__________ (49) The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, and the language is dead.
What does it mean for the rest of us when a language disappears? When a plant insect or animal species dies, it is easy to understand what has been lost and to for the balance of the natural word. However, language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language, like Red Thunder, must be a peculiarly lonely destiny, almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species. __________ (50)
A. Some people might want to learn some of these songs by hearts.
B. Papua New Guinea is an extremely rich source of different language, but more than 100of them are in danger of extinction ( 滅絕 ) .
C. However, he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carcinoma where he learned the language.
D. These languages don't have many native speakers.
E. For the rest of us, when a language dies, we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.
F. As these languages become more powerful, their use as tools of business and culture increase.
46.A。空位于段中，所以與前后的句子都有語義上的銜接。從空格前的句子看，談?wù)摰氖峭盔f、污染和熾熱的陽光造成了壁畫的糟糕狀態(tài)，空格后談?wù)摰氖菍＜艺J(rèn)為公共藝術(shù)沒有得到足夠的重視，所以推斷空格處應(yīng)該談?wù)摰氖潜诋嫷脑愀馇闆r或者如何解決，故A(城市試圖阻止涂鴉的蔓延，所以在那些壁畫上涂上了油漆。)為最佳選項(xiàng)，其中A項(xiàng)中的graffiti與空格前句子中的graffiti有詞語銜接的一致性。重復(fù)詞的出現(xiàn)是體現(xiàn)語義銜接的重要標(biāo)志。
47.D。空格位于段落的首旬，空格后的句子談?wù)摰氖沁@項(xiàng)工作開始于2003年，已經(jīng)選擇了16堵墻的壁畫，隨后會(huì)加入更多的墻壁，尤其可推斷D(現(xiàn)在城市開始實(shí)施修復(fù)城市壁畫的巨大工程。)是正確答案，談?wù)摰氖菈Ρ诒诋嬓迯?fù)工作，the project與空格后句子中的the work也有語義上的銜接。
48.C。空格位于段落的尾句，因而與前面的句子有語義上的銜接�？崭袂疤岬铰迳即壞切┠贻p的藝術(shù)家開始研究20世紀(jì)早期的墨西哥壁畫，因而空格處話題應(yīng)與此有關(guān)，其中Mexican artists和Mexican mural painting體現(xiàn)出語義的銜接，故C(藝術(shù)家們喜歡壁畫是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g墨西哥藝術(shù)家的作品。)是正確答案，
49.E。空位于段中，所以與前后的句子都有語義上的銜接。從空格前的句子看，談?wù)摰氖荰he most famous mural，從空格后的代詞“it”可以判斷，談?wù)摰膶?duì)象是個(gè)單數(shù)，由此可知空格所在的句子談?wù)摰倪�是The most famous mural…，故E(壁畫代表了加州地區(qū)種族群體的歷史。)是正確答案。主語的一致性是體現(xiàn)語義銜接的重要標(biāo)志。
50.B�？瘴挥诙沃校耘c前后的句子都有語義上的銜接。從空格前的句子看，談?wù)摰氖荎ent Twitchell所創(chuàng)作的該幅壁畫是為1984年洛杉磯奧運(yùn)會(huì)所做，空格是創(chuàng)作者Kent Twitchell對(duì)其含義的解釋，因而空格處談?wù)摰倪�是這幅畫，再結(jié)合復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯Los Angeles可推斷空格處所填的句子為選項(xiàng)B或者選項(xiàng)F，但是選項(xiàng)F中的their murals為復(fù)數(shù)形式，由此可知B(這幅引人注目的作品刻畫了兩個(gè)人相互面對(duì)，分別立于洛杉磯市中心快車道的兩側(cè)的情況)為最佳答案。談?wù)搶?duì)象的單復(fù)數(shù)的一致性也是判斷語義銜接的重要標(biāo)志。