考研英語(yǔ)對(duì)于詞匯的考查主要體現(xiàn)在考生“同義替換”的能力上，也就是考查考生對(duì)于語(yǔ)言多樣性的把握，所以考生在背單詞的時(shí)候一定要掌握單詞的同義詞。
paradox
n.似是而非的話，自相矛盾的話，反論
【例】The share of information and the security of information are the most paradox in computer network.計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的信息共享與信息安全是網(wǎng)絡(luò)上最大的悖論。
【構(gòu)詞】para-(前綴=contrary 相反)+dox(=opinion觀點(diǎn))→自相矛盾的觀點(diǎn)
【同義替換】inconsistency, contradiction
【派生】paradoxical a.矛盾的 paradoxically ad.矛盾地
【真題】His argument is that the unusual history of these people has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical state of affairs.
他的觀點(diǎn)是，這些人非同尋常的經(jīng)歷使他們?cè)馐芰似渌怂鶝](méi)有經(jīng)受過(guò)的進(jìn)化壓力，而這些壓力最終導(dǎo)致了這種矛盾的狀況。
ornament
v.裝飾，美化 n.裝飾，裝飾物
【例】The clock is simply for ornament; it doesn’t actually work.那時(shí)鐘純粹是為了裝飾，其實(shí)不能走。
【構(gòu)詞】orn(裝飾)+a+-ment(名詞后綴)→裝飾
【同義替換】decorate
【派生】ornate a.裝飾的 ornamental a.裝飾的，裝飾用的 ornamentalist n.裝飾
【真題】We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.
文學(xué)評(píng)論的歷史可以追溯到二十世紀(jì)初期、第二次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)前夕。那個(gè)時(shí)候在英國(guó)出版的報(bào)紙上有各種各樣的報(bào)紙?jiān)u論。那個(gè)時(shí)候的報(bào)刊文章非常便宜，上面刊登的文學(xué)評(píng)論被認(rèn)為是這些出版物的裝飾。
underestimate
v.低估，看輕
【例】We should neither underestimate nor overestimate our abilities.我們既不應(yīng)低估我們的能力，也不該高估我們的能力。
【構(gòu)詞】under-(不足，少)+estimate(估算)→低估
【同義替換】undervalue, misjudge
【真題】Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.
由于沒(méi)有足夠的餌鉤，有個(gè)別的魚(yú)沒(méi)有被捕捉到，這使得過(guò)去實(shí)際捕捉到的魚(yú)群數(shù)量大大低于預(yù)期。
revise
v.修訂，校訂;修正，修改
【例】The new legislation empowered the ICC to suspend general rate increases and revise rates on its own initiative.新立法授權(quán)州際商業(yè)委員會(huì)中止普遍提價(jià)，并主動(dòng)修改運(yùn)價(jià)。
【構(gòu)詞】re-(再)+vise(vis看)→再看→審閱，重新審查→修訂，修改，改正
【同義替換】correct, rectify, remedy, improve, modify, change
【派生】revision n.修訂本，校訂，修正，復(fù)習(xí)
【真題】Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise.
語(yǔ)法、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和拼寫(xiě)可以等到稍后修改的時(shí)候再說(shuō)。
parachute
n.降落傘 v.跳傘
【例】Supplies were parachuted into the earthquake zone.救援物資已空投到地震災(zāi)區(qū)。
【構(gòu)詞】para-(防，避開(kāi)，保護(hù))+chute(=fall)→保護(hù)降落→降落傘
【派生】parachutist n.跳傘者
【真題】As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback—a back-up earner(usually Mom)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.
因此，他們失去了以前在經(jīng)濟(jì)困難時(shí)曾有過(guò)的保障，即當(dāng)家中主要的掙錢(qián)人失業(yè)或生病時(shí)，后備掙錢(qián)人(通常是媽媽)可以出去工作。
revenge
n.(on sb. for sth.)報(bào)復(fù)，復(fù)仇 v.替……報(bào)仇
【例】They swore to take their revenge on the kidnappers.他們發(fā)誓要向綁架者復(fù)仇。
【構(gòu)詞】re-(回，反)+venge(=punish懲罰→報(bào)仇)→報(bào)仇
【同義替換】avenge, repay
【派生】revengeful a.報(bào)仇的，報(bào)復(fù)的 revengefully ad.報(bào)仇地，報(bào)復(fù)地
【真題】It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior.
交通禮節(jié)讓司機(jī)們?cè)谠庥霾晃拿餍袨闀r(shí)保持最冷靜的心態(tài)和好脾氣去壓制報(bào)復(fù)的沖動(dòng)。