資源流動的環(huán)境效應

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資源流動的環(huán)境效應

摘要： 21世紀,中國的人口和經濟的持續(xù)增長面臨著資源短缺和生態(tài)脆弱的限制.提高資源利用效率和消減資源利用引起的環(huán)境影響是學術界和決策者面臨的新課題.本文從資源流動的視角研究資源利用過程及其引起的環(huán)境影響.我們把資源流動過程分解為開采、加工、轉化、消費等幾個關鍵環(huán)節(jié),評價其資源利用效率和環(huán)境影響,并尋求改善的途徑.因其資源消耗量大、生態(tài)環(huán)境影響嚴重,我們選取了林木、煤炭及石油研究其資源與產品流動及其環(huán)境影響.林木產品的產量、進出口量和消費量數(shù)據(jù)來自中國森林統(tǒng)計年鑒(1949-2001).煤炭、石油的開采量、進出口量和消費量來自中國能源統(tǒng)計年鑒(1980-2006).研究表明:過去幾十年,中國的資源利用效率有所提高,資源消費結構逐步改善,但資源消費總量居高不下,對生態(tài)環(huán)境構成極大的壓力. Abstract： In the 21st century, China is facing some challenges, e.g. population growth, rapid economy development, resources limitation and environmental vulnerability. Resource-use efficiency and the environmental impacts associated with growing resource utilization is a new challenge for both scientists and politicians, especially. In this paper, the concepts of resources and resource products flow is presented in order to analyze the environmental impacts that occur as a result of the resource flow process. We focus on forest resources, coal products and oil flows as these the main resources and products that are produced continuous severe and increasing environmental pressure. The data for domestic yield and exploitation, importation, exportation, and consumption, for various industries come from China's forest statistical yearbooks for the period 1949 to 2001, and China's energy statistical yearbooks for 1980 to 2006. We divided the resources flow process into key stages, such as harvest,exploitation, process or conversion and end consumption. Resources efficiency and environmental performance for each stage were evaluated. This study showed: resource-use efficiency improved and the structure of resources consumption has been optimized markedly in the past decades in China. However,the absolute quantities of resources consumption are still increasing, and the environment pressures originating from resource use became more severe. 作者：成升魁徐增讓蘇筠劉曉潔沈鐳謝高地甄霖李曉娟龍鑫作者單位：成升魁,徐增讓,劉曉潔,沈鐳,謝高地,甄霖,李曉娟,龍鑫(中國科學院地理科學與資源研究所,北京,100101)

蘇筠(北京師范大學地理學與遙感科學學院,北京,100875)

期刊：資源與生態(tài)學報（英文版） Journal： JOURNAL OF RESOURCES AND ECOLOGY 年，卷(期)： 2010, 1(1) 分類號： X3 關鍵詞：資源流動環(huán)境效應林木資源煤炭石油 Keywords： resources flow environmental impacts forest coal raw oil

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