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對(duì)我國(guó)刑事證據(jù)收集規(guī)則的反思論文
【內(nèi)容提要】刑事證據(jù)收集規(guī)則是刑事證據(jù)規(guī)則的重要組成部分。然而目前我國(guó)立法的相關(guān)規(guī)定很不完善，存在缺陷。筆者將對(duì)刑事證據(jù)收集規(guī)則的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行反思：（一）立法方面。1、實(shí)體性規(guī)則和實(shí)施性規(guī)則均不完善，立法粗疏，缺乏可操作性；2、公、檢、法司法解釋中的程序立法違背了程序法定原則。（二）理論研究方面。１、對(duì)刑事證據(jù)收集規(guī)則的研究未給予足夠重視，尚有欠缺；２、混淆了非法證據(jù)排除規(guī)則與刑事證據(jù)收集規(guī)則；3、理論研究有脫離實(shí)際之嫌。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 刑事證據(jù)規(guī)則 刑事證據(jù)收集規(guī)則 非法證據(jù)排除規(guī)則
Looking back the collective rules of criminal evidence in China
Jiang Wei
【Abstract】The collective rule of criminal evidence is important component of the rule of criminal evidence. But now the related legislate is not completed yet. In this article, the current situation of the collective rule of criminal evidence is going to be rethought.Ⅰ.In legislation. 1.Both of the substantive rule and the implementive rule have drawbacks: that is the rules are short in some parts and cannot been well operated. 2. The judicial interpretations go against the principle of legal procedure. Ⅱ .In the theoretical study. 1.The study is not paid enough attentions. 2. The differences between the exclusion rule of illegal evidence and the collective rule of criminal evidence are obscured. 3. It seems the theoretical study drops out of the revolutionary ranks.
【Key words】the rule of criminal evidence ; the collective rule of criminal evidence ; the exclusion rule of illegal evidence
【中圖分類號(hào)】D915.13 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】 A
引 言
刑事證據(jù)收集規(guī)則，屬于程序性規(guī)則，是刑事證據(jù)規(guī)則重要組成部分，是規(guī)范偵查中刑事證據(jù)收集活動(dòng)的準(zhǔn)則。其功能在于規(guī)范和約束偵查活動(dòng)，使證據(jù)的收集合法化、程序化，保證收集到的證據(jù)的合法性，避免侵犯人權(quán)，防止偵查權(quán)的無限擴(kuò)張。然而目前我國(guó)的刑事證據(jù)收集規(guī)則很不完善，現(xiàn)有的收集規(guī)則零散分布在刑事訴訟法及相關(guān)的司法解釋中，缺乏系統(tǒng)性，可操作性。理論界對(duì)此問題也較少涉及。本文將對(duì)該問題給予關(guān)注，對(duì)我國(guó)的刑事證據(jù)收集規(guī)則進(jìn)行反思。
一、我國(guó)刑事證據(jù)收集規(guī)則立法現(xiàn)狀及反思
我國(guó)現(xiàn)代證據(jù)立法吸取了大陸法系證據(jù)立法的有益成分，在訴訟法內(nèi)以專章對(duì)證據(jù)制度的有關(guān)內(nèi)容作了規(guī)定�，F(xiàn)行刑事訴訟法對(duì)刑事證據(jù)也有專門規(guī)定。然而，關(guān)于刑事證據(jù)收集規(guī)則的法律規(guī)定卻不甚完善，存在立法缺陷。
（一） 立法現(xiàn)狀
我國(guó)現(xiàn)行刑事訴訟法、最高人民法院和最高人民檢察院的司法解釋對(duì)刑事證據(jù)收集規(guī)則作出了相關(guān)規(guī)定。1996年修訂的《中華人民共和國(guó)刑事訴訟法》第43條規(guī)定：“審判人員、檢察人員、偵查人員必須按照法定程序，收集能
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