考研英語翻譯例句點(diǎn)評

時(shí)間:2021-08-05 19:44:15 考研英語 我要投稿
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2013考研英語翻譯例句點(diǎn)評

翻譯例句點(diǎn)評

2013考研英語翻譯例句點(diǎn)評

注:謂語動(dòng)詞用紅筆標(biāo)出。藍(lán)筆為應(yīng)當(dāng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的短語。

★(94-74) Galileo' s greatest glory was //that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove //that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. 伽利略最偉大的成就是,1609年,他第一個(gè)把新發(fā)明的望遠(yuǎn)鏡對準(zhǔn)太空,以證明行星圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn),而不是圍繞地球轉(zhuǎn)。

【分析:】兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,第一個(gè)充當(dāng)本句表語,第二個(gè)充當(dāng)賓語。

Glory一詞要根據(jù)語境選擇詞義。此處,解釋為“光榮,榮譽(yù)”明顯不合適,應(yīng)理解為“貢獻(xiàn),成就”。Invented一詞為過去分詞充當(dāng)前置定語。Turn ...on把...對準(zhǔn).rather than而非(重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的短語)

★(95-71 )The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention form the fault //that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. 【參考譯文】把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測試作為抨擊目標(biāo)是錯(cuò)誤的,因?yàn)樵谂険暨@些測試的過程當(dāng)中,批評者們忽略了由于使用者所獲信息不全或能力有限所造成的錯(cuò)誤。

【分析:】that 引導(dǎo)定于從句,表示因果關(guān)系,由于ill-informed, in compentent所以出現(xiàn)了fault.

the target指的是上文的the standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used ... have been the target of recent attacks...所以翻譯時(shí)可將其指代內(nèi)容具體化出來。

Attack一詞根據(jù)語境選擇詞義翻譯為“抨擊”。Divert attention from 把注意力從...轉(zhuǎn)移開來,沒有注意到。Ill-informed與well-informed 相反。根據(jù)本文第二句話how well the predications will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used, 可見信息在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測試中占有很重要的地位,ill-informed恰恰說明作為評價(jià)基礎(chǔ)的信息出了問題,翻譯為“信息不全”。

★(95-73) [Whether to use tests. other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation] //depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity ///and upon such factors as cost and availability.因此,究竟是使用測試,其他種類的信息,還是在特定情況下兩者都使用,不但取決于關(guān)于相對效度的感性證據(jù),而且還取決于諸如成本和可獲得性這樣的因素。

★(96-73)This seems mostly effectively done // by supporting a certain amount of research [not related to immediate goals /but of possible consequence in the future]. [參考譯文] 給某些與當(dāng)前目標(biāo)無關(guān)但將來可能產(chǎn)生影響的科研以支持,看來通常能有效地解決這一問題。

【分析:】本句中的seems相當(dāng)于is, 構(gòu)成了被動(dòng)語態(tài),因?yàn)槌霈F(xiàn)了by, 采用“主語轉(zhuǎn)換法”翻譯。后置定語related部分可以前置也可加詞留在原地翻譯。另外一種譯文 – 在大多數(shù)情況下,通過支持一定數(shù)量的研究似乎可以有效地結(jié)局這一問題。這些研究與直接目標(biāo)無關(guān),但在未來可能產(chǎn)生影響。

Mostly一詞注意相當(dāng)于 in most cases. 不能理解為most effectively。

★(98-71) But even more important, it was the farthest// that scientists had been able to look into the past, //for [what they were seeing] //were the patterns and structures //that existed 15 billion years ago. 但是,更為重要的是,這是科學(xué)家們所能觀測到的最遙遠(yuǎn)的未來,因?yàn)樗麄兯吹降氖谴嬖谟?50億光年前的天體結(jié)構(gòu)。

【分析:】這句話的難點(diǎn)在于句式的理解,很多人將it was the farthest that 中間that引導(dǎo)的句子理解為定語從句,其實(shí)這里是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。判斷這兩個(gè)句型的區(qū)別在于-- that在從句中是否充當(dāng)成分。另外,在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中the farthest可以還原回從句中構(gòu)成 -- scientists had been able to look into the farthest past 這樣的句子。反之,通過對其中the farthest用it was ... that這樣的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),就構(gòu)成了試題中的句子。

從語義上理解,也說得通,這句話先對farthest進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),后一句解釋原因,-- 為什么說是最遙遠(yuǎn)的未來呢,因?yàn)槟鞘谴嬖谟?50億光年前的結(jié)構(gòu)嘛。

本句子中定語從句短小,前置即可。

★(98-72) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang,[first put forward in the 1920s,] to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.宇宙大爆炸理論,首創(chuàng)于20世紀(jì)20年代,要想維護(hù)其主流宇宙起源論的'支配地位,巨大云團(tuán)的存在實(shí)際上是必不可少的。

【分析:】##is required for sth to do sth的特殊句式不是很好翻譯。如:Food is required for man to be alive.翻譯時(shí)從for 后面的邏輯主語起翻 “人要想生存必須有食物”,套用這個(gè)格式,上面的句子就不攻自破了。

至于[]號中的put 部分,為過去分詞作后置定語,翻譯時(shí)可以前置翻譯為“首創(chuàng)于20世紀(jì)20年代的宇宙大爆炸理論,”或保留原位置不動(dòng)。

Explanation翻譯為“解釋”明顯不好,于是根據(jù)前后搭配翻譯為“論,說”。

virtually實(shí)際上。

★(98-75) Odd though it sounds, //cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, //and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade //that it is true.雖然聽起來很奇特,宇宙膨脹說是基本粒子物理學(xué)當(dāng)中一些公認(rèn)的理論在科學(xué)上看似可信的推論,而許多天體物理學(xué)家七八年來一直對此深信不疑。

【分析:】odd though it sounds是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),正常語序?yàn)椤猼hough it sounds odd, 類似的句子如fat as she is, she is quite charming!

Inflation,consequence, respected ideas, 都需要根據(jù)上下文選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)谋磉_(dá)方式,分別譯為 – 宇宙膨脹論/說/學(xué)說, 推論, 公認(rèn)理論,不可譯為“結(jié)果,受人尊敬的觀點(diǎn)”等。

For the better part of a decade中文中沒有這個(gè)表達(dá)方式,“大半個(gè)十年”自然只好翻譯為“七八年”了。

★(2000-71)Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts[參考譯文]在現(xiàn)代條件下,這需要采取不同的中央控制措施,從而就需要獲得諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和運(yùn)籌學(xué)等領(lǐng)域?qū)<业膮f(xié)助。

【分析:】this 主語,require謂語, measures和the help共同充當(dāng)賓語。

Operational research experts為術(shù)語,因此,即使不翻譯成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的“運(yùn)籌學(xué)專家”,字對字直接翻譯未“操作研究專家”也不會(huì)扣分。

(2001-72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, //computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, //relaxation will be in front of smell-television, //and digital age will have arrived. [參考譯文]兒童將與裝有個(gè)性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍,具有個(gè)性內(nèi)置的計(jì)算機(jī)將被視為工作伙伴而不是工具,人們將在氣味電視機(jī)前休閑,屆時(shí)數(shù)字化時(shí)代就來到了。

【分析:】這個(gè)句式很有漢語特點(diǎn),幾個(gè)簡單句用逗號連接并列出現(xiàn),實(shí)在少見。

Equipped一詞為過去分詞作后置定語,翻譯時(shí)可以前置。In-built personalities翻譯為根據(jù)上下文,加詞翻譯為“內(nèi)置個(gè)性芯片”,因?yàn)椤靶愿瘛?/p>

沒有辦法內(nèi)置。

本句翻譯還應(yīng)該注意事態(tài)的問題,尤其will have arrived, 表示前三個(gè)將來狀態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí),第四個(gè)狀態(tài)已經(jīng)發(fā)生,“屆時(shí),數(shù)字化的時(shí)代將已經(jīng)到來了”。

★(2002-61) One difficulty is // that almost all of [what is called behavioral science ]continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 難題之一在于所謂的行為科學(xué)幾乎全都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。

【分析:】that引導(dǎo)表語從句,名詞從句翻譯原則為留在原地不動(dòng)。本句話的難點(diǎn)在于幾個(gè)術(shù)語詞定名表達(dá),state of mind心態(tài), traits of character性格特征等。T

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