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綜合英語二語法及課后翻譯
１０月份要考綜合英語二了，今天開始整理，如果有重復(fù)了各位老大第一時(shí)間通知我，免得我吐血
一、語法 Grammar & Usage
Subject-Verb Agreement (I)
1．主謂一致的三條原則
1）語法一致，即在語法形式上取得一致。
Human beings enjoy learning.
Everybody’s understanding is incomplete.
2）意義一致，即根據(jù)意義來處理一致關(guān)系。
The people there are fighting for the independence of their country.
The dollars was a lot of money at that time.
3)就近原則，即謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。
There is a pen, two pencils and an eraser in the pencil box.
Neither the boy nor his teachers know the answer.
2．集體名詞作主語時(shí)與動(dòng)詞的一致
1）當(dāng)主語為furniture， equipment， machinery等詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。
The furniture in that shop is all made in China.
Office equipment is very expensive nowadays.
A lot of new machinery has been installed.
2）集體名詞如people， cattle， police， poultry，等往往作復(fù)數(shù)用。
Some people drive madly in this country.
Many cattle have died because of the fold.
The police have been sent there but they have not made any arrests yet.
Poultry are plentiful in that mountain region.
3)family, government, class, committee, audience , team, public 等詞被視做一個(gè)整體時(shí)，其后的動(dòng)詞作單數(shù)；被視做為構(gòu)成整體的個(gè)體時(shí)，其后的動(dòng)詞則為復(fù)數(shù)。
His family is a happy one.
His family are all interested in stamp-collecting.
The Democratic Government is in power now.
The government is/are considering further tax cuts.
The audience was very quite when he was giving his speech.
The audience were shouting and laughing when he came into the hall.
Our class is the top class in the grade.
The class are busy taking notes.
3．并列主語與動(dòng)詞的一致
1）當(dāng)“名詞+名詞”表示一種事物時(shí)，用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。
Bacon and eggs is a very popular British breakfast.
Toast and marmalade (果醬面包) is my favorite breakfast.
Fish and chips (炸魚與土豆片) is served every day.
2）當(dāng)主語是由and， both ….and 連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，如果主語所指的不是一種事物，動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Jack and Mary are in love with each other.
Both Tom and John are absent today.
War, famine and drought have claimed thousands of lives in that country.
3)在又or或 nor連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式一般與or 或 nor 后邊的名詞或代詞保持一致。
He or his brothers are to blame for this.
Either you or your friend has to pay the bill.
Either his father or his mother comes to see him every day.
When couples quarrel, (either) the wife or the husband has to give in.
Neither she nor you are mistaken.
Neither the manager nor the clerks are college graduates.
4) not only … but also 連接的結(jié)構(gòu)做主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式依據(jù)but also 后的名詞或代詞。
Not only Fred but also his parents love this small pet dog.
Not only the boys but also their mother is very ell.
課后練習(xí)
Translate the following into English.
1) Use the verb + noun collocation.
出席會(huì)議 to attend a meeting 干的不錯(cuò) to do a good job
體驗(yàn)苦難 to experience bitterness 自學(xué)英語 to teach oneself English
發(fā)現(xiàn)奇跡 to discover wonders 忍住咳嗽 to hold back one’s cough
掌握技能 to master skills &
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