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考研英語閱讀高分妙計（一）
考研場上我們經(jīng)常會遇到這樣的情況，通過回文章定位，根據(jù)對原文的理解我們能很快的排除兩個選項(xiàng)，而剩下的兩個選項(xiàng)會把我們折磨的死去活來。也就正是這種選項(xiàng)間微小區(qū)分度構(gòu)成了考研英語的特色。每每在甄別選項(xiàng)的時候，我們總會覺得這兩個選項(xiàng)都對，并且會覺得自己的答案比給出的正確答案更為合理。而考研英語作為全國人才選拔性的考試，并且會向社會公布標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案的考試，在答案的設(shè)置上一定是合理且正確的，并且這種答案的設(shè)置是有一定邏輯線索的。否則，這種人才的遴選是沒有意義的。而這種線索就是我們在標(biāo)題中提到的命題命脈，這種命脈就會體現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)之上。本文正是要帶領(lǐng)考研戰(zhàn)士們?nèi)ヌ角筮@種命題命脈在選項(xiàng)上的體現(xiàn)。首先來看幾道例題：
2009年考研閱讀第四篇文章第一題
The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.
1. The author holds that in the seventeenth-century New England ____.
[A]Puritan tradition dominated political life.
[B]intellectual interests were encouraged.
[C]Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.
[D]intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.
根據(jù)題干中的seventeenth century 和New England 我們不難定位到文章的第一段，選項(xiàng)A中的Puritan tradition(清教傳統(tǒng))在倒數(shù)第一句中出現(xiàn)，但是倒數(shù)第一句是這樣說道：“大量的文章和書籍都記載道，新英格蘭的領(lǐng)袖們確立了美國知識生活中的基本話題，其最關(guān)注的就是一直在知識生活中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位，并不斷演進(jìn)的清教傳統(tǒng)�！蔽闹忻鞔_說到了in American intellectual life.而不是選項(xiàng)A中的in political life，可以直接排除A。同樣，C選項(xiàng)說：政治從學(xué)術(shù)活動中受益匪淺，而整個段落沒有提及學(xué)術(shù)活動對于政治的影響。同樣可以輕松排除。而B和D卻相當(dāng)難排除了。一個說“學(xué)術(shù)的興趣被鼓勵”，一個說“享用寬松自由的求知環(huán)境”。兩個選項(xiàng)和段落中所涉及的知識生活話題都有關(guān)系。文中只有這樣的相關(guān)敘述：“so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.”“知識的追求是如此的受重視”。而就這點(diǎn)來講我們分別認(rèn)為B和D都對也是合理的，但是當(dāng)B和D放在一起的時候，我們就必須重新理清我們的邏輯思維鏈條了。我們首先承認(rèn)的是：知識的追求是受到重視的。如果要選D的話，那么我們必須先承認(rèn)B，也就是說，要是沒有B就不可能有D。在這種情況下我們就很容易得出一個結(jié)論：當(dāng)一個選項(xiàng)是以另一個選項(xiàng)為前提的時候，只能選后一個選項(xiàng)。也就是你必須首先承認(rèn)的那個選項(xiàng)。用公式來講就是：因?yàn)锳所以B，選A 不選B。
因?yàn)槭艿搅斯膭�，所以環(huán)境很寬松。所以選擇受到鼓勵。
但是這個公式有一個重要的前提就是：兩個選項(xiàng)都必須有原文的依據(jù)。
這就是我們考試出題人的命題思路，他希望找出的最直接的，對原文的解釋最根本的選項(xiàng)。而我們在排除選項(xiàng)的時候就可以用上面的公式來做出選擇。
再看一個例子：
2009年考研閱讀第三篇第四題
What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.
34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged________.
[A]when people had enough time
[B]prior to better ways of finding food
[C]when people on longer went hungry
[D]as a result of pressure on government
這個題是一個例證題目，題干中的關(guān)鍵詞our ancestors可以把我們帶到段落的第三行：當(dāng)我們的祖先一千多年前正打獵和采集食物，根本沒有時間去思考除開覓食之外的其他事情。
而答案中就有一個選項(xiàng)：A)當(dāng)人們有足夠的時間的時候。A選項(xiàng)和題干連在一起就是：當(dāng)人們有足夠的時間的時候，教育就出現(xiàn)了。而這個時候我們往下看一句：只有人們找到一種更多產(chǎn)的獲得食物的方法時，我們才有時間來做其他的事情。選項(xiàng)中對應(yīng)了：C )當(dāng)人們不再挨餓的時候。A和C就很難區(qū)分了，在原文中A和C都有依據(jù)。這個時候我們可以套用公式了：
因?yàn)锳所以B，選A 不選B。
因?yàn)椴话ゐI，有了足夠的時間。
答案當(dāng)然就選不挨餓了
2003年passage 4第一題：
It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minutes surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death -- and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours. (2003年passage 4)。
56. What is implied in the first sentence?
[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.
[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.
[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.
[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.
同學(xué)經(jīng)常會徘徊在C和D之間。
因?yàn)镃對應(yīng)文章：Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minutes surgical procedure.
而D對應(yīng)文章：Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century.
兩個選項(xiàng)都有依據(jù)，只能套用公式：
因?yàn)锳所以B，選A 不選B。
因?yàn)槊绹藢ψ约旱尼t(yī)療技術(shù)過分的自信，所以對他們的長壽盲目的驕傲。
答案為C
我們再來看一個例子：
2006年passage3 最后一題：
Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.(2006年passage3)
35.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ ________.
[A] management efficiency
[B] biomass level
[C] catch-size limits
[D] technological application
35題為文章的最后一題，我們在做題的過程中習(xí)慣的把目光投向了最后一段，如果有閱讀過我上一篇文章《做正確的事和正確的做事》的同學(xué)應(yīng)該知道最后一段實(shí)際是沒有這個題的答案的，因?yàn)閱栴}問的是作者主要關(guān)心的是什么?最后一段卻沒有出現(xiàn)過作者的觀點(diǎn)。都在談?wù)揇r. Myers and Dr. Worm關(guān)于捕撈限制的問題。這樣答案就指向了C，但是B選項(xiàng)也是在最后一段談到的。亂象叢生啊!
這個時候就可以用我們的公式了:因?yàn)锳所以B，選A 不選B。
因?yàn)殛P(guān)心生物總量，所以關(guān)心捕撈的限制。
答案選擇：生物的總量。
《傾城之戀》的結(jié)尾傳誦一時：“香港的淪陷成全了她，但是在這不可理喻的世界里，誰知道什么是因，什么是果?誰知道呢?也許因?yàn)橐扇�，一個大都市傾覆了�！�
Hong Kong’s fall had brought Liusu Victory. But in this unreasonable world ,who can distinguish cause from effect? Who knows which is which?Di
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