考研英語真題：閱讀理解試題及名師解析
在日常學(xué)習(xí)、工作生活中，我們都經(jīng)�？吹皆囶}的身影，借助試題可以更好地對(duì)被考核者的知識(shí)才能進(jìn)行考察測(cè)驗(yàn)。什么樣的試題才能有效幫助到我們呢？下面是小編幫大家整理的考研英語真題：閱讀理解試題及名師解析，歡迎閱讀與收藏。
考研英語真題：閱讀理解試題及名師解析 1
Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?
The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term。
Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past。
Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (inconstant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed。
One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economists commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%， and in 1979 by almost 30%。
31. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is
[A]global inflation. [B]reduction in supply。
[C]fast growth in economy. [D]Iraqs suspension of exports。
32. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if
[A]price of crude rises. [B]commodity prices rise。
[C]consumption rises. [D]oil taxes rise。
33. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries
[A]heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive。
[B]income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices。
[C]manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed。
[D]oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP。
34. We can draw a conclusion from the text that
[A]oil-price shocks are less shocking now。
[B]inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks。
[C]energy conservation can keep down the oil prices。
[D]the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry。
35. From the text we can see that the writer seems
[A]optimistic. [B]sensitive. [C]gloomy. [D]scared。
名師解析
31. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is 最近的油價(jià)上漲的主要原因是
[A]global inflation. 全球通貨膨脹。
[B]reduction in supply。供應(yīng)量減少。
[C]fast growth in economy. 快速的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。
[D]Iraqs suspension of exports. 伊拉克暫時(shí)停止石油出口。
【答案】 B
【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【分析】 根據(jù)題干可以定位到第一段的第二句話“Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December�！�，說明由于石油輸出國(guó)決定降低供給量，使得油價(jià)上升。所以本題的答案是[B]。[D]不是該現(xiàn)象的主要原因，因?yàn)椤癘PEC”的相關(guān)決定才是能夠影響石油價(jià)格的走勢(shì)的主要原因。
32. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if
從文中可以推斷出，如果________，汽油的零售價(jià)格將會(huì)劇烈上升。
[A]price of crude rises. 原油價(jià)格上升。
[B]commodity prices rise. 日用品價(jià)格上升。
[C]consumption rises. 消費(fèi)上升。
[D]oil taxes rise. 油稅上升。
【答案】 D
【考點(diǎn)】 推斷題。
【分析】 根據(jù)題干可以定位到第三段的第三句話“In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price，so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past。.”意思是說“在歐洲，稅占汽油的零售價(jià)的五分之四，因此相比以往，原油的價(jià)格變化對(duì)汽油的影響不會(huì)很明顯”。也就是說稅的增加會(huì)導(dǎo)致汽油價(jià)格的猛漲，而原油價(jià)格的變化帶來的影響不會(huì)很大。本題一個(gè)理解的難度是“muted effect”，另外一個(gè)是“pump price”�！癿ute”表示“啞巴的，無聲的，沉默的”，和“effect”連用，表示“影響不明顯”；而“pump price”是一個(gè)很形象的說法，“pump”指的是“泵”，這里很形象用“pump”指代“汽油”。根據(jù)上述分析，可以得出答案是[D]。
33. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries
《經(jīng)濟(jì)展望》的評(píng)估表明在富國(guó)
[A] heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive。
重工業(yè)變得更加能源密集型。
[B] income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices。
收入損失主要由于波動(dòng)的原油價(jià)格造成。
[C] manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed。
制造業(yè)面臨嚴(yán)重影響。
[D] oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP。
油價(jià)變化對(duì)國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值沒有大的影響。
【答案】 D
【考點(diǎn)】 推斷題。
【分析】 根據(jù)本題的關(guān)鍵詞“《經(jīng)濟(jì)展望》的估計(jì)”可以定位到“The OECD estimates in its latest Economic outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25%-0.5% of GDP。”。也就是說，油價(jià)的上漲對(duì)GDP 的影響很小，只有“0.25%—0.5%”。因此我們可以得出答案[D]。
34. We can draw a conclusion from the text that 從文中我們可以得出的結(jié)論是
[A] oil-price shocks are less shocking now. 油價(jià)沖擊已經(jīng)不再那么駭人聽聞。
[B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks. 通貨膨脹看起來和油價(jià)沖擊無關(guān)。
[C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices. 能源儲(chǔ)備能夠使油價(jià)下降。
[D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry。
原油價(jià)格的上升導(dǎo)致重工業(yè)的萎縮。
【答案】 A
【考點(diǎn)】 文章主旨題。
【分析】 本題的幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)需要通篇理解。文章第三段指出“油價(jià)的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響不會(huì)那么嚴(yán)重”，作者指出其原因是“原油價(jià)格占汽油價(jià)格的比例不高，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家對(duì)石油的依賴減弱，此次漲價(jià)的背景不一樣了”。文章最后一段說“這次油價(jià)上漲與20世紀(jì)70年代的上漲不同，對(duì)各國(guó)的影響也基本沒有反映出來，連物價(jià)基本都沒有變動(dòng)”，也就是說，油價(jià)沖擊已經(jīng)不是那么可怕。所以答案是[A]。
35. From the text we can see that the writer seems 從本文中我們可以看出作者看上去是
[A] optimistic. 樂觀的。 [B] sensitive。敏感的。
考研英語真題：閱讀理解試題及名師解析 2
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.
One morning, a few years ago, Harvard President Neil Rudenstine overslept. 1）Only after a three-month sabbatical ― during which he read essayist Lewis Thomas, listened to Ravel and walked with his wife on a Caribbean beach― was he able to return to his post. That week, his picture was on the cover of Newsweek magazine beside the banner headline “Exhausted!”
In the relentless busyness of modern life, we have lost the rhythm between action and rest. I speak with people in business and education, doctors and day-care workers, shopkeepers and social workers, parents and teachers, nurses and lawyers, students and therapists, community activist and cooks. Remarkably, there is a universal refrain: “I am so busy”. The more our life speeds up, the more we feel weary, overwhelmed and lost.
2) Instead, the whole experience of being alive begins to melt into one enormous obligation. It becomes the standard greeting everywhere: “I am so busy”.
We say this to one another with no small degree of pride. The busier we are, the more important we seem to ourselves and, we imagine, to others. To be unavailable to our friends and family, to be unable to find time for the sunset (or even to know that the sun has set at all), to whiz through our obligations without time for a single mindful breath ― this has become the model of a successful life.
Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We lose the nourishment that gives us succor. We miss the quiet that gives us wisdom. Poisoned by the hypnotic belief that good things come only through tireless effort, we never truly rest.
This is not the world we dreamed of when we were young. How did we get so terribly rushed in a world saturated with work and responsibility, yet somehow bereft of joy and delight?
We have forgotten the Sabbath.
3）It is time to be nourished and refreshed as we let our work, our chores and our important projects lie fallow, trusting that there are larger forces at work taking care of the world when we are at rest.
If certain plant species do not lie dormant during winter, the plant begins to die off. 4）
So “Remember the Sabbath” is more than simply a lifestyle suggestion. It is a commandment, an ethical precept as serious as prohibitions against killing, stealing and lying.
Sabbath is more than the absence of work. Many of us, in our desperate drive to be successful and care for our many responsibilities, feel terrible guilt when we take time to rest. But the Sabbath has proven its wisdom over the ages. Many of us still recall when not long ago, shops and offices where closed on Sundays. Those quiet Sunday afternoons are embedded in our cultural memory.
Much of modern life is specifically designed to seduce our attention away from rest. When we are in the world with our eyes wide open, the seductions are insatiable.5）For those of us with children, there are endless soccer practices, baseball games, homework, laundry, housecleaning, errands. Every responsibility, every stimulus competes for our attention: Buy me .Do me. Watch me. Try me. Drink me. It is as if we have inadvertently stumbled into some horrific wonderland.
�。跘］Rest is not just a psychological convenience; it is a biological necessity.
［B］After years of non-stop toil in an atmosphere that rewarded frantic overwork, Rudenstine collapsed.
�。跜］Hundreds of channels of cable and satellite television; phones with multiple lines and call-waiting. begging us to talk to more than one person at a time; mail, e-mail and overnight mail, fax machines; billboards; magazines; newspapers; radio.
�。跠］Sometimes you can have a rest on Sundays. But your heart and soul is no longer quiet.
�。跡］Sabbath is the time that consecrated to enjoy and celebrate what is beautiful and good ― time to light candles, sing songs, worship, tell stories, bless our children and loved ones, give thanks, share meals, nap, walk and even make love.
�。跢］Once upon a time. Sabbath is our heaven. We often walk in the green parks with friends or have a picnic lunch with the family. Listening to the birds on the tree makes me feel peaceful. But whatever happened to Sunday now?
�。跥］Today our life and work rarely feel light, pleasant or healing.
答案及詳解
1.B。通讀全文，不難掌握大意，作者試圖回答一個(gè)人人都困惑的問題“我們的休息日，我們舒適的，輕松的生活哪里去了”。本文用哈佛大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)的例子作引，空白處下首的句子意為“在三個(gè)月休假后，他才能重新工作”說明空白處的句子依然談?wù)摰氖切ｉL(zhǎng)當(dāng)時(shí)疲憊的狀況，因此選項(xiàng)B符合要求。
2.G。第三段段首空出，而下句用一個(gè)Instead連接說明上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而同時(shí)我們結(jié)合第二段來分析，第二段主要說明現(xiàn)在的人，不管職業(yè)、年齡、身份，都整日處于奔波勞碌中，所以起到承上啟下作用的選項(xiàng)G是最佳選擇。
3.E。上文是單句段“我們已經(jīng)將禮拜日塵封腦后了”，而下文則提出“家務(wù)事和重要規(guī)劃暫且擱在一邊，讓我們好好享受”承接前文，后面順理成章的回憶了禮拜日快樂的時(shí)光，最后振臂高呼“讓我們好好享受吧”可見，空白處是關(guān)于對(duì)以往快樂禮拜日的重現(xiàn)，所以，運(yùn)用了一系列排比句子的選項(xiàng)E很貼切，有極強(qiáng)的感染力。
4.A。 此處答案較為簡(jiǎn)單，從上下文看都有很明顯的暗示，而選項(xiàng)A“休息不僅是心理上的舒適也是生理上的必需”，不但能夠前后呼應(yīng)，而且渾然一體，邏輯十分嚴(yán)密。
5.C。 從上文“我們的欲望是無窮無盡的”下面列舉了一系列的娛樂方式，如電視、電話、郵件、傳真等等，意在渲染強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩，以證明“無窮無盡”的論點(diǎn)，所以選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。
中心思想
本文引用哈佛大學(xué)的校長(zhǎng)的例子展開全文，指出現(xiàn)在人們的生活越來越乏味，工作越來越忙，時(shí)間越來越不夠用，總是處于疲于奔命的狀態(tài)，原本輕松，愉快的休息日早已銷聲匿跡了，面對(duì)越來越快的生活節(jié)奏，越來越多的娛樂活動(dòng)，我們反而再也找不到往昔的歡樂，逐漸地在物欲橫流的叫囂聲中迷失了自我。
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