英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

時(shí)間:2024-05-21 17:53:31 英語語法 我要投稿

英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

  在學(xué)習(xí)中,相信大家一定都接觸過知識(shí)點(diǎn)吧!知識(shí)點(diǎn)是知識(shí)中的最小單位,最具體的內(nèi)容,有時(shí)候也叫“考點(diǎn)”。那么,都有哪些知識(shí)點(diǎn)呢?以下是小編為大家整理的英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn),供大家參考借鑒,希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。

英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)1

  1、動(dòng)詞be(is,am,are)的用法

  我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is跟著他(he),她(she),它(it)。單數(shù)名詞用is,復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定,更容易,be后not加上去。變疑問,往前提,句末問號(hào)莫丟棄。還有一條須注意,句首大寫莫忘記。

  2、this,that和it用法

 。1)this和that是指示代詞,it是人稱代詞。

 。2)距離說話人近的人或物用this,距離說話人遠(yuǎn)的人或物用that。如:

  This is a flower.這是一朵花。(近處)That is a tree.那是一棵樹。(遠(yuǎn)處)

 。3)放在一起的兩樣?xùn)|西,先說this,后說that。如:

  This is a pen. That is a pencil.這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。

  (4)向別人介紹某人時(shí)說This is…,不說That is…。如:

  This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom.這是海倫,海倫,這是湯姆。

 。5)This is不能縮寫,而That is可以縮寫。如:

  This is a bike. That’s a car.這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。

  (6)打電話時(shí),介紹自己用this,詢問對(duì)方用that。如:

  —Hello! Is that Miss Green?喂,是格林小姐嗎?

  —Yes, this is. Who’s that?是的,我是,你是誰?

  注意:雖然漢語中使用“我”和“你”,但英語中打電話時(shí)絕不可以說:I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?

 。7)在回答this或that作主語的疑問句時(shí),要用it代替this或that。如:

 、佟狪s this a notebook?這是筆記本嗎?—Yes, it is.是的,它是。

 、凇猈hat’s that?那是什么?—It’s a kite.是只風(fēng)箏。

  3、these和those用法

  this, that, these和those是指示代詞,these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間、距離較遠(yuǎn)或前面已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。

  ①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed.這是我的床。那是莉莉的床。

  ②These pictures are good.那些畫很好。

 、 Are those apple trees?那些是蘋果樹嗎?

  在回答主語是these或those的疑問句時(shí),通常用they代替these或those以避免重復(fù)。如:

  ④Are these/those your apples?這些(那些)是你的蘋果嗎?

  Yes, they are.是的,他們是。

  4、名詞+’s所有格

  單數(shù)名詞后直接加“ ’s ”:

  Jim’s coat吉姆的外套Jeff’s mother杰夫的媽媽

  ’以s結(jié)尾的.復(fù)數(shù)名詞,只加“”

  Teachers’ Day教師節(jié)the twins’ books雙胞胎的書

  不以s結(jié)尾的不規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù),加“ ’s ”

  Children’s Day兒童節(jié)men’s shoes男式鞋

  表示兩者共同擁有時(shí),只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’s

  Lucy and Lily’s mother露茜和莉莉的媽媽(共同的媽媽,一個(gè)媽媽)

  表示兩者各自擁有時(shí),要在每個(gè)名詞后加’s

  Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms露茜和凱特的房間(各自的房間,兩間房子)

  5、There be句型

 。1)There be句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處(某時(shí))有某人(某物)!逼浠窘Y(jié)構(gòu)為“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某時(shí))”其中there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒有詞義;主語是be后面的名詞,be是謂語動(dòng)詞,在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中be只用is和are兩種形式。下面這首歌訣可幫你巧記there be句型結(jié)構(gòu):

  There is a book on the desk.There be放句首,主語跟在后。地、時(shí)放句末,強(qiáng)調(diào)置前頭。

  On the desk there is a book.有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn),也可把介詞短語放在句首。如:

  (2)There be句型中的be動(dòng)詞如何確定呢?請(qǐng)先看看下面這首歌訣:

  Be動(dòng)詞,有三個(gè),am,is還有are。“There be”真特別,不留am只留倆,那就是is還有are。要用is還是are,須看其后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。若是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用is,否則就用are。如:

 、賂here is a tree behind the house.

  ②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).

 、跿here are some pears in the box.

 。3)注意:如果“be”后的主語是由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞,那么be的形式要遵循“遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說,“be”的形式是由與它最近的那個(gè)名詞來確定的。若那個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is,是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如:

 、賂here is a book and some pens on the floor.

 、赥here are some pens and a book on the floor.

  6、like一詞的用法

  like用作及物動(dòng)詞,譯為“喜歡”。

  (1)后接名詞或代詞,表示喜歡某人或某物。如:

  I like the baby very much.我非常喜歡這個(gè)小孩。

 。2)后接動(dòng)名詞(v. -ing),表示“喜歡做某事”,著重于習(xí)慣、愛好。如:

  Tom likes playing football.湯姆喜歡踢足球。

 。3)后接動(dòng)詞不定式(to do),表示“偶爾地喜歡做某事”,著重于某次具體的行為。如:

  I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening.我喜歡讀書,但我今晚想看電視。

  7、句子單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),注意以下五要素

 。1)主格人稱代詞要變成相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)主格人稱代詞,即I→we, you→you,she,he,it→ they。

  She is a girl. →They are girls.如:

  I’m a student. →We are students.

  (2)am,is要變?yōu)閍re。如:

  He is a boy. →They are boys.

 。3)不定冠詞a,an要去掉。如:

  It is an apple. →They are apples.

 。4)普通單數(shù)名詞要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如:

  This is a box. →These are boxes.

  8、英語日期的表示法

  英語中月份和星期名稱都是專有名詞,它們的首字母必須大寫,并且前面無需用冠詞。

  用英語表示日期,其順序?yàn)樵?日+年,日和年之間需用逗號(hào)隔開。如:August 2nd,20xx(20xx年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年來表示。如:10th May,20xx(20xx年5月10日)英語日期前介詞的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,則用介詞in,若具體到某一天,則需用介詞on。

  9、時(shí)間的表達(dá)法

 。1)直讀式,即直接讀出時(shí)間數(shù)字

  7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen

 。2)過、差式,即幾點(diǎn)差幾分,幾點(diǎn)過幾分。(以30分為分界線)

  1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two 3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five

 。3)12小時(shí)制

  6:00 a.m.上午6點(diǎn)8:20 p.m.下午8點(diǎn)20分

 。4)24小時(shí)制

  13:00 13點(diǎn)鐘22:15 22點(diǎn)15分

 。5)15分可用quarter 4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six

 。6)時(shí)間前通常用at.

  at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.

  10、want用法

  (1)想干什么用want to do sth

  They want to join the sports club.他們想加入運(yùn)動(dòng)俱樂部。

 。2)第三人稱單數(shù)作主語,want要作變化

 、貶e wants to play basketball.

  ②Li Xia wants to play the piano.

 。3)變疑問句,否定句要借助助動(dòng)詞do或does.

 、伲璂o you want to play soccer ball ?-Yes , I do . / No , I don’t.

 、冢璂oes he want to go home by bus ?-Yes , he does . / No , he doesn’t

  二、初一英語易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸類例析

  英語有很多很細(xì)小的知識(shí)點(diǎn),而這些細(xì)小的知識(shí)點(diǎn)往往就是考點(diǎn)。同學(xué)們很容易由于注意不到而犯錯(cuò)誤,下面就初一年級(jí)同學(xué)們比較容易犯錯(cuò)誤的知識(shí)點(diǎn)做一個(gè)匯總。

  [第一類]名詞類

  1、這些女老師們?cè)诟墒裁矗?/p>

  [誤] What are the woman teachers doing?

  [正] What are the women teachers doing?

  [析]在英語中,當(dāng)一名詞作定語修飾另一名詞(單或復(fù)數(shù)形式)時(shí),作定語的名詞一般要用其單數(shù)形式;但當(dāng)man,woman作定語修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí),要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式men,women.

  2、房間里有多少人?

  [誤] How many peoples are there in the room?

  [正] How many people are there in the room?

  [析] people作“人、人們”解時(shí),是個(gè)集合名詞,其單復(fù)數(shù)同形。

  3、我想為我兒子買兩瓶牛奶。

  [誤] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.

  [正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.

  [析]表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時(shí),常用“a / an或數(shù)詞+表量的可數(shù)名詞+ of +不可數(shù)名詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu),其中當(dāng)數(shù)詞大于1時(shí),表量的可數(shù)名詞要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。

  [第二類]動(dòng)詞類

  4、你妹妹通常什么時(shí)候去上學(xué)?

  [誤] What time does your sister usually goes to school?

  [正] What time does your sister usually go to school?

  [析]借助助動(dòng)詞do(或does)構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句時(shí),句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用其原形。

  5、琳達(dá)晚上經(jīng)常做作業(yè),但今晚她在看電視。

  [誤] Linda often do her homework in the evening,but this evening she watching TV. [正] Linda often does her homework in the evening,but this evening she is watching TV.

  [析]在初一英語學(xué)習(xí)階段,我們接觸到了兩種主要時(shí)態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常和often,usually,sometimes等時(shí)間狀語連用。在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子中,若主語是第三人稱單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞要用其第三人稱單數(shù)形式,F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由be(am / is / are)+ ving形式構(gòu)成。

  6、這雙鞋是紅色的。

  [誤] This pair of shoes are red.

  [正] This pair of shoes is red.

  [析]在shoes,trousers,gloves,glasses等表示成雙成對(duì)的衣物或工具名詞前用pair(表計(jì)量)修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的形式由pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來決定。

  [第三類]代詞類

  7、這張票是她的,不是我的。

  [誤] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.

  [正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.

  [析]物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之分。形容詞性物主代詞之后一定要接名詞,而名詞性物主代詞之后不需接任何詞。

  8、吳老師教我們英語。

  [誤] Miss Wu teaches our English. [正] Miss Wu teaches us English.

  [析] teach sb. sth.中的sb.作teach的賓語,因此當(dāng)sb.為人稱代詞時(shí)要用其賓格形式。

  [第四類]介詞類

  9、你能找到這個(gè)問題的答案嗎?

  [誤] Can you find the answer of this question?

  [正] Can you find the answer to this question?

  [析]英語中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有the key to the door,the way to the zoo等。

  10、格林先生星期六上午來這里。

  [誤] Mr Green will come here in Sunday evening.

  [正] Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening.

  [析]表示在上午、下午等時(shí),介詞要用in;而表示在具體的某天上午、下午時(shí),介詞要用on.

  11、那個(gè)穿著紅裙子的小女孩是我們老師的女兒。

  [誤] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.

  [正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.

  [析]用介詞表示“穿戴衣物”時(shí),只能用in,其他介詞沒有此用法。

  [第五類]副詞類

  12、莉莉,你為什么不回家呢?

  [誤] Lily,why don’t you go to home?[正] Lily,why don’t you go home?

  [析] come,go等后接here,there,home等地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí),地點(diǎn)副詞前不加to。

  [第六類]連詞類

  13、我喜歡語文和英語,但我不喜歡體育和歷史。

  [誤] I like Chinese and English,but I don’t like P.E.and history.

  [正] I like Chinese and English,but I don’t like P.E.or history.

  [析]在肯定句中并列成分之間用and來連接;而在否定句中,并列成分之間的連接需用or。

  [第七類]冠詞類

  14、乘飛機(jī)去北京花了史密斯一家人一個(gè)小時(shí)。

  [誤] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.

  [正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane.

  [析]

  1、表示“……一家人”用結(jié)構(gòu)“the +姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”;

  2、our一詞的第一個(gè)字母不發(fā)音,它是以元音音素開頭的,所以“一小時(shí)”要用an hour;

  3、用介詞by表示“乘坐”某種交通工具時(shí),交通工具名詞前不加任何冠詞。

  [第八類]句法類

  15、――你不是學(xué)生嗎?――不,我是學(xué)生。

  [誤] ――Aren’t you a student?――No,I am.

  [正] ――Aren’t you a student?――Yes,I am.

  [析]對(duì)否定疑問句的回答是用Yes還是用No,這取決于實(shí)際情況:如果事實(shí)是肯定的,就用Yes表“不”;如果事實(shí)是否定的,就用No表“是的”。

英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)2

  1.介詞:介詞是一種虛詞,不能單獨(dú)使用,必須在介詞后面加上個(gè)名詞或代詞使用,作句子成份。

  介詞后面的名詞(或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞)叫做介詞的賓語。介詞和介詞賓語合稱為介詞短語。介詞短語在句中可作壯語、定語或表語。

  介詞如:in在…里面on在…上面under在…下面等。

  intheclassroom inthetree inthehall

  ontheroad onthedesk onthefloor

  underthetable underthebed underthechair

  2.連詞:連詞是用來連接詞與詞、短語與短語、句子與句子等的詞叫連詞。連詞是一種虛詞,在句子中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。連詞分兩類:一類叫等立連詞,另一類叫從屬連詞。

  (1).等立連詞是用來連接同等的詞、詞組和分句的。等立連詞有許多

  我們現(xiàn)在只學(xué)到了and和but,其他的以后學(xué)到再介紹。

  如:AandB;blueandwhite;anappleandabanana;acarandabus;LucyandBen;BenandKitty;

  Thisisalorryandthat’sadrill.

  Ilikedollsandyoulikerobots.

  (2).從屬連詞是用來引起從句的、從屬連詞又分為

  1)引起名詞性從句的`連接詞,如:if,that等。

  2)引起壯語從句的連接詞,如:when,after,befare等。以后會(huì)逐漸學(xué)到再介紹。

  3.感嘆詞:表示說話人的某種感情(驚訝,高興,痛苦等)的詞叫感嘆詞。感嘆詞后常用感嘆號(hào)。常用的感嘆詞有:oh(表示驚奇或痛苦),ah(表示驚奇或滿意),hello(常被用來打招呼相當(dāng)于漢語的“喂!”),well(表示驚訝,無奈)

  如:Hello.AreyouMary?

  練習(xí):翻譯下列詞組

  1.在桌子上面 2.在樹下面

  3.在椅子上面 4.在盒子里面

  5.在黑板上 6.在書里

  7.在臉上 8.在公共汽車上

  9.一只貓和一只狗. 10.又小又胖

  答案:1.onthedesk 2.underthetree 3.onthechair 4.inthebox 5.ontheblackboard 6.inthebook 7.ontheface 8.onthebus 9.acatandadog 10.smallandfat

英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)3

  一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

 。1、現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。2、經(jīng);蛄(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。3、主語所具備的性格和能力。4、真理。)1、標(biāo)志:often(經(jīng)常),usually(通常),sometimes(有時(shí)),always(總是),never(從不),onSundays(在星期天),everyday/month/year(每一天/月/年)2、結(jié)構(gòu):(1)主語+連系動(dòng)詞be(am/is/are)+名詞/形容詞/數(shù)詞/介詞短語/副詞等做表語表狀態(tài)(包括Therebe+n.)練習(xí):1.I______(be)astudent.Myname_____(be)Tom.2.Where_____(be)myshoes?They___(be)here.3.Who____(be)thegirlwithlongstraighthair?Ithinkshe___(be)Kate.4.YouandI___(notbe)inClassSix.5.___(be)thereasupermarketontheFifthAvenue?Yes,there_____(be).6.____herparenttall?No,he____.(2)主語(非第三人稱單數(shù))+行為動(dòng)詞原形+其他(用助動(dòng)詞do幫助構(gòu)成否定句、一般疑問句和特殊疑問)(3)主語(第三人稱單數(shù))+行為動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)+其他(用助動(dòng)詞does幫助構(gòu)成否定句、一般疑問句和特殊疑問句)行為動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)加-s的'形式1.-s2.輔音+y:study-studies3.以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾watch-watchesteach-teaches4特殊have-hasdo-doesgo-goes.1)Hisparents_______(watch)TVeverynight.肯定句1)Mybrother_________(do)homeworkeveryday.2)Hisparents_________(notwatch)everynight.否定句2)Mybrother________(notdo)homeworkeveryday.3)_____hisparents_____(watch)TVeverynight?一般疑3)______yourbrother_____homeworkeveryday?Yes,they_______.No,they_______.Yes,he______.No,he_________.4)When___hisparents_____(watch)TV?特疑4)When_____yourbrother____(do)homework?TheywatchTVeverynight.Hedoeshomeworkeveryday.

  二現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):表示說話瞬間或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

  1、標(biāo)志:now(現(xiàn)在)listen(看)look(聽)2、結(jié)構(gòu):主語+助動(dòng)詞be(am/is/are)+行為動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成:1.-ing:eat-eating2.輔音字母+e:take-taking3.sit,put,begin,run,swim,stop,get,shop,(雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母,再加ing.)練習(xí):1.Jim__________________(take)photosintheparknow.2.Jim_________(nottake)intheparknow.3._______________Jim____________(take)photosintheparknow?Yes,he_____.No,he_______.4.Where_________Jim____________photosnow?Inthepark.

  三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:

  1、任何主語+can/may/must+動(dòng)詞原形2、主語+can’t/maynot/mustn’t+動(dòng)詞原形3、Can/May/Must+主語+動(dòng)詞原形?4、疑問詞+can/may/must+主語+動(dòng)詞原形?

  四、非謂語動(dòng)詞(是固定搭配)

  like+todo不定式/doing動(dòng)名詞2.wanttodosth.3.lovetodo4.wouldliketodosth.5.enjoydoingsth.6.thanksfordoing7.stopdoingsth8.letsb.dosth.Shewants_____(have)aparty.Doeshelike_______(swim)?Thanksfor_______(enjoy)CCTVshow.Sheneverstops____(talk).

  五.祈使句:

  Gostraightandturnleft/right.GothroughFifthAvenue.Takeataxi(Takeabus,Takeawalk……)

  六.綜合練習(xí):

  1.MrGreen_____(be)aworker.Nowhe____(work)inthefield.2.Listen!Who_______(sing)?

  3.Whattime____yourbrotherusually_____(do)hishomework?4.Youcan_______(come)herebybus.5.Who____(have)aruler?6.Arethey_____(clean)theroom?7.-____you____(eat)dinner?–Yes,weare.8.Jack____(have)asoccerball,buthe____(nothave)abasketball.9._______Jim_______(like)______(run)?10.They_____(be)fromCanada.They______(notspeak)Chinese.11.Hewants_________________(be)tall.

英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)4

  1、 概念

  能用yes / no(或相當(dāng)于yes / no)回答的問句叫一般疑問句。

  2、 含系動(dòng)詞be的一般疑問句的構(gòu)成

  具體地說,就是當(dāng)陳述句中有am /is / are時(shí),可直接將它們提至主語前,但如遇第一人稱,最好將其置換成第二人稱。如:

  I’m in Class 2, Grade 1. →Are you in Class 2, Grade 1? 你是在一年級(jí)二班嗎?

  3、 含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般疑問句的構(gòu)成

  一般疑問句面前人人平等:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與am / is / are一樣,也可直接將它們提至主語前,所以問題迎刃而解了。如:

  I can spell it. →Can you spell it? 你會(huì)拼寫它嗎?

  4、 含實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般疑問句的構(gòu)成

  含實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般疑問句的構(gòu)成稍微有點(diǎn)講究,要在句首加do;如逢主語為第三人稱單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)單數(shù)第三人稱形式”v-(e)s”時(shí),奉does為座上賓并要變回原形(如has→have,likes→like等);有時(shí)陳述句中的some還要變作any等。如:

  She lives in Beijing. →Does she live in Beijing? 她住在北京嗎?

  I like English. →Do you like English? 你喜歡英語嗎?

  There are some books on my desk.→Are there any books on your desk?

  5、 少數(shù)口語化的一般疑問句

  如問一個(gè)與前文相同的問句時(shí),可省略成”And you?”或”What / How about…?”等;甚至只抓關(guān)鍵詞,讀作升調(diào)。如:Your pen? 你的鋼筆?

  6、 小插曲:一般疑問句的語調(diào)

  大部分的一般疑問句都應(yīng)讀作升調(diào)(↗),并落在最后一個(gè)單詞身上。如:Is it a Chinese car↗?

  7、 一般疑問句的`應(yīng)答

  用yes / no(或相當(dāng)于yes / no的詞)回答,并怎么問怎么答(句首為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞am / is / are還是do /does),簡略回答時(shí)要注意縮寫(否定的n’t)和采用相應(yīng)的人稱代詞以避免重復(fù):即”Yes,主語(代詞)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或am / is / are或do / does.”表示肯定;”No,主語(代詞)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或am / is / are或者do / does not(n’t)!北硎痉穸āH纾

 、 -Is Mary a Japanese girl? 瑪麗是日本女孩嗎?

  -Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. 是的,她是。/不,她不是。

 、 -Can Lily speak Chinese? 莉莉會(huì)說中國話嗎?

  -No, she can’t. / Sorry, I don’t know. 不,她不會(huì)。/對(duì)不起,我不知道。

  ③ -Do you like English? 你喜歡英語嗎?

  -Yes, very much. 是的,非常喜歡。

  how 疑問句一家子的“實(shí)話實(shí)說”

  【王小元】各位觀眾,大家好!我是英語欄目的主持人王小元。今天,我非常榮幸地請(qǐng)到了how疑問句一家子。有請(qǐng)幾位上臺(tái)!

 。╤ow攜how much, how often 等上臺(tái)。)

  【王小元】how先生,請(qǐng)您給大家做一下自我介紹好嗎?

  【how】I am too excited to say a word.

  【王小元】how先生,別激動(dòng)。Take it easy.

  【how】各位觀眾,大家好!我叫how, 我主要用來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句,可以詢問身體健康。如:

  How is your mother today? 你媽媽今天身體好嗎?

  我還可以詢問交通方式。如:

  How does Li Lei usually go to school? 李雷通常怎樣去學(xué)校?

  另外我也可以詢問天氣。如:

  How is the weather today? 今天天氣怎么樣?

  【王小元】感謝how先生所做的精彩介紹。大家知道,how后面跟不同的形容詞或副詞,同樣可以引導(dǎo)含義不同的特殊疑問句,如how old, how long, how often 等。下面就請(qǐng)各位踴躍發(fā)言。

  【how old】我主要用來詢問年齡。如:

  How old is Mr Wang? 王先生多大年齡?

  當(dāng)然,我也可以用來詢問建筑物的年頭、歷史等。如:

  How old is this bridge? 這座橋有多少年的歷史了?

  【how long】我多用來詢問長度。如:

  How long is the Yellow River? 黃河有多長?

  【how often】how long, 你怎么不實(shí)說實(shí)話呢?你忘了你還能詢問時(shí)間長短呢!如:

  How long does it take you to go to work by bike every day? 你天天騎自行車上班花多長時(shí)間?

  【how long】您瞧我這記性。Mr Wang, I am sorry.

  【王小元】That’s all right. how often先生,請(qǐng)你介紹一下自己好嗎?

  【how often】我沒多大本領(lǐng),主要用來對(duì)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率進(jìn)行提問。如:

  How often do you go to see your grandma? 你多長時(shí)間去看你的奶奶?

  【how many】我主要對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量進(jìn)行提問。如:

  How many people are there in your family? 你家里有幾口人?

  【how much】你也就只能提問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量吧,問不可數(shù)名詞的量,可就得看我的了。如:

  How much water is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少水?

英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)5

  1、動(dòng)詞:行為動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

  (1)行為動(dòng)詞原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具體判斷方法如下:

  (2)be動(dòng)詞

  a、Am--was Is --was Are--were口訣:我用am,你用are, is用在他她它,所有復(fù)數(shù)全用are。

  b、肯定和否定句

  I am (not) from London. He /She is(not) a teacher. My hair is(not) long. Her

  eyes are(not) small.

  c、一般疑問句Am I …? Yes, you are. No, you aren't. Are you/they…? Yes,we/ they are.

  No,we/ they aren't. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn't.

  is、am、are為一類,一般用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)中。

  was和were為另一類,一般用于一般過去時(shí)。

  (3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

  can、must、should、would、may。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞總是用原形。(不受其他任何條件影響)

  2、名詞

  這里強(qiáng)調(diào)兩點(diǎn):不可數(shù)名詞都默認(rèn)為單數(shù),所以總是用is或者was。

  如何加后綴:

  a.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

  b.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

  c.以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

  d.以"f或fe"結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v,再加-es,如:knife-knives

  e.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,

  mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people,

  Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

  3、形容詞(包括副詞

  形容詞表示某一事物或的特征,副詞表示某一動(dòng)作的特征。

  形容詞和副詞只有兩種形式:原形和+er。

  未作比較的情況下就用原形,比較時(shí)就+er。

  兩個(gè)重要特征:as……as中間一定用原形,有than的時(shí)候一定+er。

  4、人稱代詞和物主代詞

  人稱代詞物主代詞

  單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)

  主格賓格主格賓格形容詞性(短)名詞性(長)形容詞性(短)名詞性(長)

  第一人稱I me we us my mine our ours

  第二人稱you you you you your yours your yours

  第三人稱he him they them his his their theirs

  she her her hers

  it it its its

  人稱代詞:

  有主格和賓格之分。

  一般動(dòng)詞前用主格,動(dòng)詞后用賓格。

  物主代詞:

  有兩類:形容詞性物主代詞(短的)和名詞性物主代詞(長的)

  一般看后面有沒有名詞,如有,就用形容詞性物主代詞(短的`);如無,就用名詞性物主代詞(長的)。

  5、數(shù)量詞

  我們學(xué)過兩類:基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞;鶖(shù)用于表示數(shù)量多少,而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序,常在日期中出現(xiàn)。序數(shù)詞的前面一般都加the。

  6、冠詞

  有a、an、the。a和an的區(qū)別:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前,a用于輔音音素前。

  六年級(jí)英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

  be動(dòng)詞(am、is、are、was、were)+not、

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can、must、should)+ not、

  助動(dòng)詞(do、does、did) + not

  如何將一個(gè)肯定的陳述句改為否定句:

  1、看句中有無be動(dòng)詞,如有,直接在be動(dòng)詞后+ not。

  2、看句中有無情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如有,直接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后+ not。

  3、如上述二者都沒有,就應(yīng)用助動(dòng)詞+ not。分四個(gè)步驟:

  (1)肯定陳述句中本來是沒有助動(dòng)詞的,要加上去,位置在主語(某人或某物)后,動(dòng)詞前。

  (2)確定助動(dòng)詞用do、does還是did,根據(jù)句中動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞是原形的助動(dòng)詞就用do,動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)的助動(dòng)詞就用does,動(dòng)詞用過去式的助動(dòng)詞就有did

  (3)在助動(dòng)詞后加not。

  (4)原句中動(dòng)詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。

  強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn),有some的要考慮是否要用any。

英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)6

  指出句中的副詞:

  1. You are standing near the camera.. Can you move a little farther? a little修飾副詞“farther”表示程度 farther修飾動(dòng)詞“move”表示方式

  2. Miss Long usually goes to school by bus. usually修飾動(dòng)詞goes,表示頻度、頻率

  3. The two old passengers fell into the sea. Unfortunately, neither of them could swim. Unfortunately修飾整個(gè)句子

  4. I won’t go with you. It’s much too hot today. much too修飾形容詞,表示程度修飾形容詞hot,修飾形容詞

  【高考副詞主要考點(diǎn)】

  主要題型:選擇填空,完形填空,改錯(cuò)

  考點(diǎn)內(nèi)容:

  1. 副詞詞義辨析

   Do you think shopping online will ____________ take the place of shopping in stores?

  A.especially B.Frequently C.merely D.finally

  解析:especially 特別,尤其;frequently經(jīng)常;merely僅僅;finally最終

  根據(jù)語境:你認(rèn)為網(wǎng)上購物最終會(huì)替代商場(chǎng)購物嗎?

   I wasn’t blaming anyone; I ___________ said errors like this could be avoided.

  A. merely B. mostly C. rarely D. nearly

  解析:mostly 大部分地,通常地;nearly 幾乎=almost;rarely 很少地,幾乎不;merely 僅僅,只不過

  全句意思:我并沒有責(zé)怪任何人,我只是說類似這種錯(cuò)誤是可以避免的” 說類似這種錯(cuò)誤是可以避免的”。

  2. 副詞短語與習(xí)慣用語辨析

   It’s high time you had your hair cut; it’s getting .

  A. too much long B. much too long C. long too much D. too long much

  【解析】too much+不可數(shù)名詞 much too+形

   It was a nice house, but _______ too small for a family of five.

  A. rarely B. fairly C. rather D. pretty

  【解析】rather too 稍微,一點(diǎn)

  全句意思:這房子不錯(cuò),但對(duì)于五口之家還是稍微小了點(diǎn)。

  It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is______another to play it well yourself.

  A. quite B. very C. rather D. much

  【解析】quite another 另一回事

  全句意思:喜歡聽好音樂是一回事,但是自己演奏的好又是另一回事。

  3. 某些副詞的.位置

  We only had $100 and that was _______ to buy a new computer.

  A.nowhere near enough B.near enough nowhere C.enough near nowhere D.near nowhere enough

  【辨析】enough做副詞時(shí),修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)應(yīng)該放在被修飾詞的后面adj/adv+enough nowhere near是固定短語,意思是“差得遠(yuǎn);遠(yuǎn)不及” ,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。

英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)7

  被動(dòng)語態(tài)

  1.英語中動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài):主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)

  主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者。

  當(dāng)我們強(qiáng)調(diào)誰是某個(gè)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,即"誰做了某種事情"時(shí),用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。

  eg:Danielboughtanewcomputer丹尼爾買了一臺(tái)新電腦。(不是別人)

  如果主語不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,而是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),就是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

  eg:AnewcomputerwasboughtbyDaniel一臺(tái)新電腦被丹尼爾買了。

  被動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語由be+動(dòng)詞的'過去分詞構(gòu)成,其中be是助動(dòng)詞,隨時(shí)態(tài)改變。

  一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)由"am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞"構(gòu)成。

  一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)由"was/were+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞"構(gòu)成。

英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)8

  1.主語:

  表示句子所說的是“什么人”或“什么事兒”,一般由名詞,代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或者短語充當(dāng)

  例如:Gina is from Australia.

  She often goes to the movies.

  This kind of juice tastes good!

  2.謂語:

  主語發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。一般是有動(dòng)作意義的動(dòng)詞。謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩個(gè)方面必須保持一致。

  例如:We are both quiet.

  He has a smart phone.

  You should study harder.

  Her parents are teachers.

  3.賓語:

  分為動(dòng)詞賓語和介詞賓語,屬于動(dòng)作的承受者。

  例如:He's playing soccer.

  Good food and exercise help me to study harder.

  4.系動(dòng)詞:

  表示狀態(tài)或狀態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞,沒有實(shí)際的動(dòng)作意義。如be,感官系動(dòng)詞(look, sound, smell, taste和feel)、保持類系動(dòng)詞(keep, stay和remain)、狀態(tài)變化類系動(dòng)詞(become、get、turn和go)等。

  This picture looks so beautiful.

  Keep working, you will see the post office on your right.

  5.表語:

  緊跟系動(dòng)詞后面的成分。說明主語是什么或者怎么樣,由n. adj.或者相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的.詞或者短語,和系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。

  例如:Her mother is a bank clerk.

  Are you ready?

  We were at home last night.

  6.定語:

  修飾名詞或代詞的成分。作定語的出形容詞外,還有代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或者短語。

  例如:Peel three bananas.

  What's your name, please?

  She's a good basketball player.

  7.狀語:

  修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或句子的成分。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間地點(diǎn)目的方式程度等意義。通常有副詞、介詞短語或相當(dāng)于的副詞的詞或短語來表示。

  例如:People are all working hard.

  Beijing is not very cold in winter.

  8.補(bǔ)語:

  分為賓語補(bǔ)足語和主語補(bǔ)足語。是對(duì)賓語和主語的補(bǔ)充說明,與其有主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)的邏輯關(guān)系。

  例如:You should keep the room clean and tidy.

  你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。

  (You是主語,should keep是謂語,the room是賓語,clean and tidy是賓語補(bǔ)足語。)

  This kind of food tastes delicious.

  這種食物吃起來很可口。

 。═his kind of food是主語,tastes是系動(dòng)詞,delicious是表語。)

  注意:主語、謂語、賓語、系動(dòng)詞、表語、補(bǔ)語是一個(gè)句子的主干成分;定語和狀語是一個(gè)句子的修飾性成分,不是主干成分。

英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)9

  英語語法順口溜:定語從句中的定從中的關(guān)系副詞

  關(guān)系副詞when/where/why, 從中做狀莫懈怠;

  時(shí)間用when原因why,地點(diǎn)where經(jīng)常在;

  定語從句中的關(guān)系副詞有三個(gè):when, where和why,它們?cè)诙ㄕZ從句中分別作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語。when指時(shí)間,where指地點(diǎn),why表原因。例如:

  I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

  我仍然記得我初次到北京的那天。

  The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.

  他父親工作的那個(gè)工廠在城市的西郊。

  That is the reason why I did the job.

  那就是我為什么干這個(gè)活的原因。

  關(guān)系副詞可替換,介詞加上關(guān)系代;

  關(guān)系副詞可以由介詞加上which來替換。例如:

  1)This is the house where (in which) I lived two years ago.

  在這句中,where= in which

  2) Do you remember the day when (on which) you joined our club?

  在這句中,when= on which

  3) This is the reason why (for which) he came late.

  在這句中,reason= for which

  關(guān)系代,關(guān)系代,that與who要除外;

  挑選介詞要聰明,必看動(dòng)詞和先行;

  介詞后可用關(guān)系代詞,但只能用which或whom,不能用that和who。那么,這個(gè)介詞怎么選呢?其一,可以看定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞;其二,可以看先行詞。例如:

  1) The pain from which the poor suffered in this area has attracted theattention of the public.

  本句中用from 加 which, from與定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞搭配,suffer from。

  2) English is a useful tool in which I can communicate with foreignfriends.

  本句中用in加which, 和先行詞搭配,先行詞表語言,因此用in。

  聰明反被聰明誤,只因亂用關(guān)系副;

  關(guān)系副,關(guān)系副,定缺主賓它不住;

  它不住,它不住,關(guān)系代詞來玩酷;

  關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中是做狀語的,where做地點(diǎn)狀語,when做時(shí)間狀語,why做原因狀語,但要特別注意,如果定語從句中所缺的不是狀語,而是主語、賓語或表語,就不要用關(guān)系副詞,而要用關(guān)系代詞。例如:

  1) I still remember the days _____ we spent together in the mountains lastsummer.

  先看定語從句中所缺少的句子成分,spent是及物動(dòng)詞,缺賓語,因此不能填when, 而要用關(guān)系代詞which或that。

  2)This is the house ______ his grandfather once lived in.

  先看定語從句中所缺少的句子成分,lived in, 明顯缺賓語,in是介詞,介詞后應(yīng)該有賓語,所以不能填where,而要用which或that。

  3)Is that the reason _______ you explained to the teacher for your beinglate for school?

  先看定語從句中所缺少的句子成分,explain后應(yīng)該跟雙賓語,缺少一個(gè)賓語,因此不能用why, 而要用which或that。

  六年級(jí)英語語法

  英語語法順口溜:定語從句7---As/which/So /such …that

  As/which在句末,若有否定as錯(cuò);

  as和 which都可指代前面一句話,請(qǐng)看例句:

  1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise.

  愛麗絲受到了她老板的邀請(qǐng),這使她感到吃驚。

  2)The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we couldexpect.

  天氣結(jié)果變好了,這是我們沒有預(yù)料到的`。

  若有否定as錯(cuò);

  3)The result of the experiment was very good, _______ we hadn'texpected.

  A. when B. that C. which D. what

  【簡析】答案是C。由于非限定性定語從句是否定結(jié)構(gòu),只能用which引導(dǎo),不能用as來替代which。

  句首只能用as,還有認(rèn)知猜想詞;

  置于句首時(shí),非限定性定語從句只能用as引導(dǎo)。例如:

  As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once everymonth.

  眾所周知,月亮每月繞地球一周。

  與表示認(rèn)知猜想的詞,如know, expect, see, report, 連用時(shí),要用as。

  1)As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

  我們知道,吸煙對(duì)健康有害。

  2)As is expected, his daughter entered a key university.

  正如人們所期望的那樣,他的女兒考入了一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)。

  固定結(jié)構(gòu)用as, the same /such/so/as;

  1) 在the same …as….結(jié)構(gòu)中。意思是 “像……一樣的”。 例如:

  Chongqing is not the same city as we have seen in other places.

  重慶和我們?cè)谄渌胤娇催^的城市不一樣。

  注意區(qū)分: the same ….that….,請(qǐng)看例句:

  This is the same pen that I lost. 這正是我所丟的鋼筆。(同一)

  This is the same pen as I lost. 這支鋼筆和我丟的那支一樣。(相似,不是一個(gè))

  2)在as...as結(jié)構(gòu)中,意思是“像……那樣的”。例如:

  No period in history has had as many important changes _______ have takenplace in the past century. 沒有哪個(gè)歷史階段像過去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)這樣有如此多的重大變化。

  3)在such…as…結(jié)構(gòu)中, 意思是“像……那樣的”。例如:

  Mathilde had to work hard day and night and bought such a diamond necklaceas she had lost to pay back to Jeanne.

  馬帝爾德不得不日日夜夜地干活,來買一個(gè)像被她丟掉的那樣的鉆石項(xiàng)鏈還給讓。

  So /such …that賓不離,so/such…as賓要棄;

  在so/such…that結(jié)構(gòu)中,that后引導(dǎo)的不是定語從句,而是狀語從句,從句中必須有賓語;在so/such…as結(jié)構(gòu)中,as后引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,從句中不帶賓語。

  例如:

  1)He studies in such a good school that all other students in his villageadmire him.

  他在那樣好的一所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí),以至于村子里其他的學(xué)生都很羨慕他。

  解析:that后是狀語從句,狀語從句中有賓語him。

  2)He studies in such a good school as all other students in his villageadmire.

  他在那樣好的一所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí),村里的其它學(xué)生都很羨慕那所學(xué)校。

  解析:as后是定語從句,as代替先行詞school,在定語從句中做admire的賓語。

  小學(xué)六年級(jí)英語單詞的語法整理

  here(反義詞)there tall (反義詞)short big(反義詞)small

  black(反義詞)white come(反義詞)go this(反義詞)that

  these(反義詞)those yes(反義詞)no hot(反義詞)cold

  warm(反義詞)cool kind(反義詞)strict young(反義詞)old

  eye(同音詞) I know(同音詞)no aunt(同音詞)aren't

  sun(同音詞)son shop(現(xiàn)在分詞)shopping take(現(xiàn)在分詞)taking

  swim(現(xiàn)在分詞)swimming run(現(xiàn)在分詞)running love(現(xiàn)在分詞)loving

  make(現(xiàn)在分詞)making have(現(xiàn)在分詞)having write(現(xiàn)在分詞)writing

  come(現(xiàn)在分詞)coming cloudy(名詞)cloud sunny(名詞)sun

  Les's(完全形式)Let us mother(口語)mom father(口語)dad

  do not(縮寫形式)don't is not(縮寫形式)isn't I would(縮寫形式)I'd

  are not(縮寫形式)aren't he is(縮寫形式)he's she is(縮寫形式)she's

  it is(縮寫形式)it's what is(縮寫形式)what's you are(縮寫形式)you're

  they are(縮寫形式)they're table(近義詞)desk hello(近義詞)hi

  boy(對(duì)應(yīng)詞)girl teacher(對(duì)應(yīng)詞)student brother(對(duì)應(yīng)詞)sister

  man(對(duì)應(yīng)詞)woman my(對(duì)應(yīng)詞)your who(物主代詞)whose teachers(所有格)teachersfour(后一個(gè)詞)five snow(形容詞)snowy salt(形容詞)salty cloud(形容詞)cloudlike(第三人稱單數(shù))likes

  go(第三人稱單數(shù))goes have(第三人稱單數(shù))has first(基數(shù)詞)one(序數(shù)詞)firstthird(基數(shù)詞)three(序數(shù)詞)third second(基數(shù)詞)two(序數(shù)詞)second

  去"e"加ing: have(having) write(writing) make(making) like(liking)love(loving) live(living) come(coming) take(taking)

  雙寫加ing: swim(swimming) rum(running)

英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)10

  一、if從句省略主語+be

  若if從句的主語與主句主語一致,且if從句的主語后跟有動(dòng)詞be,那么通?梢允÷詉f從句的 主語+be。如:

  If accepted for this post, you will be informed within a week.= If you are accepted for this post, you will be informed within a week.

  如果你被接受擔(dān)任這個(gè)職務(wù),將在一禮拜內(nèi)給你通知。

  If traveling north, you must change at Leeds.=If you are traveling north, you must change at Leeds.

  如果你是向北行,你必須在里茲換車。

  If in doubt, ask your doctor. He can give you further information.=If you are in doubt, ask your doctor. He can give you further information.

  你若有疑問,可以問問醫(yī)生,他會(huì)向你作進(jìn)一步的說明。

  If about to go on a long journey, try to have a good night’s sleep.= If you are about to go on a long journey, try to have a good night’s sleep.

  如果你要長途旅行,晚上就好好睡一覺吧。

  二、慣用表達(dá)歸納及用法舉例

  1. if any 即使有(任何)……,即使有……

  Correct errors, if any (=if there are any errors).

  如有錯(cuò)誤就請(qǐng)訂正。

  There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him.

  當(dāng)今記得他的人,如有的話,也不多了。

  2. if anything 如果有什么……的話

  If anything, she works too hard.

  要說的話呢,就是她工作太辛苦了。

  I’m not angry. If anything, I feel a little surprised.

  我沒有生氣。如果說我有什么反應(yīng)的話,那就是我感到有些驚訝。

  3. if anybody (anyone) 若有(任何)人的'話

  If anyone, he knows.

  如果有人知道,那就是他了。

  4. if ever (即使有……也)極少,難得

  He seldom if ever travels abroad.

  他到國外旅行,即使有過,也是極少的。

  He seldom, if ever, goes to the movies by himself.

  他不會(huì),即使有也很少,單獨(dú)去看電影的。

  5. if necessary 如果有必要的話

  I could come earlier, if necessary.

  如果有必要我可以早點(diǎn)來。

  If necessary, Jim might shorten it.

  如果有必要,吉姆可以把它縮短。

  6. if not 假如不是這樣的話;不然的話;否則

  I might see you tomorrow. If not, then it’ll be Saturday.

  我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天,那就在周六。

  Ask her if it is a convenient time. If not, can she suggest another possible time?

  問問她那個(gè)時(shí)間方便不方便。要是不方便的話,那她可不可以提出一個(gè)可行的時(shí)間-?

  有時(shí)not還可修飾另一個(gè)詞語。如:

  This is one of the oldest buildings in town, if not the oldest.

  這是城里最古老的建筑之一,如果不是最古老的話。

  His pronunciation, if not good, is at least tolerable.

  他的發(fā)音如果說不算好,至少也還過得去。

  7. if possible 如果可能的話

  If possible, let me know beforehand.

  如果可能,可在事前通知我。

  If possible, I wish to go there next summer.

  如果可能,我希望明年夏天去。

  8. if so 假如這樣的話

  They think she may try to phone. If so, someone must stay here.

  他們認(rèn)為她可能來電話。要是這樣的話,就得有人守在這兒。

  Inflation may be rising, if so, prices will go up.

  通貨膨漲率可能上升,如果是這樣,物價(jià)就會(huì)上漲。

  注意以下if so與if not連用的情形:

  Will you be staying another night? If so, we can give you a better room. If not, could you be out of your room by 12:00?

  您要再住一晚嗎? 如果是這樣,我們可以給您提供條件更好一點(diǎn)的房間。如果不是,您能在12點(diǎn) 前離開這房間嗎?

  三、一點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充說明

  if省略結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)不表示條件,而表示讓步。如:

  It’s possible, if (it is) difficult.

  這事雖難,但有可能辦到。

  His style, if (it is) simple, is pleasant to read.

  他的風(fēng)格盡管單一,但讀起來令人愉快。

英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)11

  不定冠詞

  不定冠詞a,an與one同源,表示微弱的一的概念,但并不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目,用來表示不確定的人或事物。

  A用在輔音前,而不是輔音字母前;an用在元音前,而不是元音字母前。

  a university in Asia

  1.表示同類中的任何一個(gè)

  A cat has nine lives.

  2.表示泛指的某人、某物

  I know a John Lennon,but not the famous one.

  3.表示數(shù)量的`

  He has a daughter.

  4. 表示單位數(shù)量的每一

  I earn 10 dollars an hour.

  5.表示相同的

  The two birds are of a color.

  6. 用于集體名詞前

  He grows up in a large family.

英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)12

  ┃陳述句┃ 陳述句是用于陳述事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)的句子。包括肯定結(jié)構(gòu)和否定結(jié)構(gòu)?隙ň渥兎穸ň涞幕痉椒ㄈ缦拢

  1.be 動(dòng)詞的否定式:在be動(dòng)詞后面加否定詞not。如:We aren't classmates. 我們不是同學(xué)。

  2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式:在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面直接加否定詞not。如: I can't speak English well. 我英語說得不好。

  3.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的否定式:借助助動(dòng)詞do/ does構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語+doesn't/don't +動(dòng)詞原形+其他。如:He doesn't do exercise every day.他不是每天鍛煉。

  ┃疑問句┃ 疑問句的主要交際功能是提出問題,詢問情況。分為一般疑問句、選擇疑問句、特殊疑問句和反意疑問句。

  1.一般疑問句:通常用來詢問一件事情是否屬實(shí)。答句通常是“Yes”或“No”。如: ―Are you tired? ―Yes, I am.“你累嗎?”“是的,我累。”

  2.選擇疑問句:指提出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上可能的答案供對(duì)方選擇。如: Shall we go home or stay here for the night? 我們回家還是待在這里過夜?

  3.特殊疑問句:以疑問詞開頭,對(duì)句中某一成分提問的句子叫特殊疑問句。如: What do you like most? 你最喜歡什么?

  4.反意疑問句:反意疑問句又叫附加疑問句,由兩部分組成,前一部分是對(duì)事物的陳述 即陳述句 ,后一部分是簡短的提問 即簡短疑問句 ,中間用逗號(hào)隔開。要遵循“前否后肯”、“前肯后否”的原則,且兩部分的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要一致。

 。1)陳述部分為Let us?時(shí),問句部分習(xí)慣上用“will you?”; 陳述部分為Let‘s?時(shí),問句部分習(xí)慣上用“shall we?”如: Let us go to the cinema, will you? Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?

 。2)陳述部分為“There Here + be + 主語”時(shí),問句部分用“動(dòng)詞+there here ?”形式。如: There are two cakes on the plate, aren't there?

 。3) 反意疑問句的陳述部分帶有l(wèi)ittle, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意義的詞時(shí),問句部分用肯定式。如: She seldom goes swimming, does she?

  (4) 陳述部分的主語為指物的不定代詞時(shí),問句部分的主語用it。如: Something is wrong with the computer, isn't it?

 。5)陳述部分的主語為指人的不定代詞時(shí),問句部分的主語用he或 they,這時(shí)問句動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和he或 they一致。如: Someone is knocking at the door, isn't he?

  (6) 反意疑問句的陳述部分為“I We don‘t think believe, suppose, consider + that從句”時(shí),問句部分的動(dòng)詞和主語仍與that從句保持一致且用肯定式。如: I don't think that he has finished the work on time, has he?

 。7)反意疑問句的陳述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-等否定意義的前綴構(gòu)成的詞語時(shí),陳述部分要視為肯定含義,問句部分用否定形式。如:It is unfair, isn't it?

 。8) 陳述部分為肯定的'祈使句時(shí),反意疑問句部分可用will you/ won't you; 陳述部分為否定的祈使句時(shí),反意疑問句部分只能用will you。 如: Don't make any noise, will you?

  ┃祈使句┃ 祈使句是表示請(qǐng)求、命令、勸告、祝愿或建議的句子。否定式是直接在動(dòng)詞原形前加don't。

  常見的祈使句的基本句型如下:

  1.動(dòng)詞原形+其他。 如: Be careful.

  2.Do +動(dòng)詞原形 加強(qiáng)語氣 。如: Do be careful next time.

  3.加please的祈使句 表示更加客氣和禮貌 。如: Open the door, please.

  ┃感嘆句┃ 感嘆句一般用來表示說話時(shí)的喜悅、驚訝等情感。英語感嘆句常用what或how引導(dǎo),句末用感嘆號(hào)。

  1.what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。

  (1)What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 +主語+謂語 !如:What a difficult question it is!

 。2) What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞 +主語+謂語 !如:What useful information!

  2.how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。

 。1) How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!如: How kind they are!

  (2) How+陳述句 主語+謂語 !如: How time flies!

  (3)what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句可以和how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句互換。如: What a good girl! = How good the girl is!

  ┃倒裝句┃

  1.副詞位于句首時(shí)。here, there, now, then等副詞置于句首時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。這種倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞,如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。如: Here he comes. 他來了。

  2.only在句首強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語。如: Only then did he realize that he was wrong.到那時(shí)他才意識(shí)到他錯(cuò)了。

  3.以so/neither/nor開頭的句子。 此句型說明前面的內(nèi)容也適用于后者,用倒裝句“so/neither/nor+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語”。如: John can't swim, neither can I.

英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)13

  1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

  It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that (who)…

  He bought the book in this shop yesterday.

  →It was he that bought the book in this shop yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)主語he)

  →It was the book that he bought in this shop yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語the book)

  →It was in this shop that he bought the book yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語in this shop)

  【注】在該強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中,it is (was)…that (who)…為結(jié)構(gòu)詞,它通?梢允÷,而不影響句子的意思。

  2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句用that還是who

  當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí),可以用who代that;當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指物時(shí)通常用that。注意:強(qiáng)調(diào)事物時(shí),通常不宜用which來代that,另外當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí),通常也不能用when / where代that(尤其是當(dāng)這些狀語為介詞短語時(shí))。

  3. 關(guān)于被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分

  該強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分除了是名詞、代詞、介詞短語等之外, 也可以是從句:

  It is when he got back that he knew what had happened. 他回來后才知道所發(fā)生的情況。

  It was because he loved my money that he married me. 他是因?yàn)閻畚业腻X才同我結(jié)了婚。

  【注意】

  (1) 該句型可強(qiáng)調(diào)because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,但通常不能強(qiáng)調(diào)由 since, as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句,另外也不強(qiáng)調(diào)由although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。

  (2) 該句型可以強(qiáng)調(diào)主語,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)表語。

  4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句形式

  強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的陳述句形式和一般疑問句形式一般還好理解,但若以特殊疑問句形式出現(xiàn),則很容易誤解。比較:

  Jim told us the news.(非強(qiáng)調(diào)句)

  It was Jim that told us the news.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的陳述句形式)

  Was it Jim that told us the news.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句形式)

  Who was it that told us the news.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句形式)

  特殊疑問句形式的強(qiáng)調(diào)句可視為對(duì)陳述句強(qiáng)調(diào)中的被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分提問得來,如對(duì)It was yesterday that he arrived. 這一句中的yesterday提問,即得到When was it that he arrived?

  5. not...until用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句

  其基本形式為It is (was) not until…that…。比較:

  He didn’t come until his wife left. 他妻子走了之后他才來。

  It was not until his wife left that he came. 他妻子走了之后他才來。

  They didn’t start until the rain stopped. 直到雨停他們才出發(fā)。

  It was not until the rain stopped that they started. 直到雨停他們才出發(fā)。

  英語語法倒裝句知識(shí)點(diǎn):讓步狀語從句倒裝用法系統(tǒng)歸納

  有這樣一道考題:

  _________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.

  A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be

  C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student

  這道題很有一定難度。具體說來,它主要涉及兩個(gè)考點(diǎn):一是讓步狀語從句倒裝后的詞序問題。讓步狀語從句之所以要采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),主要是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)位于句首的名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等,其詞序形式為:被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分+as / though + 主語+動(dòng)詞。二是在倒裝的讓步狀語從句中,位于句首的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞是否帶冠詞的問題。按照英語習(xí)慣,英語中的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞在泛指時(shí),一般要有不定冠詞的修飾,但是位于倒裝讓步狀語從句句首的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞是個(gè)例外,即使泛指其前也不加不定冠詞。由此可知,上面這道考題的答案應(yīng)為B。

  為了幫助大家全面掌握讓步狀語從句的倒裝用法,本文將這類語法現(xiàn)象歸納為以下五種句型:

  一、名詞+as / though+主語+動(dòng)詞

  King as he was, he was unhappy. 他雖是國王,但他并不幸福。

  Child as he is, he knows to help other. 他雖是個(gè)孩子,但卻知道幫助別人。

  Teacher though he is, he can’t know everything. 他雖然是老師,但也不可能什么都懂。

  【說明】其中的動(dòng)詞通常為連系動(dòng)詞,也就是說位于句首的名詞是其后連系動(dòng)詞的表語。另外,要特別注意位于句首的名詞前習(xí)慣上不用冠詞,即使其前有形容詞修飾也不用冠詞。比較:

  Boy as [though] he is, he likes to play with girls.=Though [Although] he is a boy, he likes to play with girls. 他雖是男孩,卻喜歡與女孩子玩。

  Strong man as [though] he is, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks.= Though [Although] he is a strong man, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks. 波賽將軍雖然堅(jiān)強(qiáng),但在過去的數(shù)周里也受到了嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)。

  二、形容詞+as / though+主語+動(dòng)詞

  Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他雖然成功,但不驕傲。

  Improbable as it seems, it’s true. 雖然看起來不太可能,但卻是真的。

  Stupid as it sounds,I was so in love with her that I believed her. 盡管聽起來很愚蠢,我是如此愛她竟然相信了她的話。

  Patient as he was,he didn’t like waiting that long. 他雖說有耐心,也不愿等這么長。

  Beautiful though the necklace was,we thought it was over-priced. 那條項(xiàng)鏈雖然很漂亮,我們認(rèn)為價(jià)錢太高。

  【說明】其中的動(dòng)詞也通常為連系動(dòng)詞,也就是說位于句首的形容詞是其后連系動(dòng)詞的表語。

  三、副詞+as / though+主語+動(dòng)詞

  Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there. 盡管我喜歡巴黎,但我不能住在那里。

  Hard though they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind. 盡管他們做了很大努力,卻沒法讓她改變主意。

  Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in two days. 盡管你讀得很快,你總不能在兩天之內(nèi)就讀完這本書。

  He was unable to make much progress, hard as he tried. 盡管他做了努力,卻未能取得很大進(jìn)步。

  Heavily as it is raining, the football game has been decided not to be put off. 盡管雨下得很大,但還是決定不推遲足球比賽。

  【說明】有的詞典將much as 作為習(xí)語看待,認(rèn)為它是一個(gè)用以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的復(fù)合連詞。再如:

  Much as I admire him as a writer,I do not like him as a man. 他作為一名作家我很佩服他,但我卻不喜歡他這個(gè)人。

  Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 我盡管很喜歡你, 卻不能和你在一起生活。

  四、動(dòng)詞原形+as / though+主語+動(dòng)詞

  Object as you may, I’ll go. 縱使你反對(duì),我也要去。

  Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem. 盡管他想方設(shè)法,卻未解決這個(gè)問題。

  Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 無論怎樣搜查,他們?cè)诜孔永锶匀粵]有找到一個(gè)人。

  Dislike him as we may, we must acknowledge his greatness. 盡管我們不喜歡他,但必須承認(rèn)他的偉大。

  Lose money as I did, we got a lot of experience. 錢雖然丟了,我們卻得到了許多經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

  Fail in the election as he did, he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery. 盡管落選了,但他卻以其反對(duì)奴隸制的激烈演說而出了名。

  【說明】主語后的動(dòng)詞通常為may, might, would, did 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞(若表示情態(tài)意義,則選用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞;若陳述事實(shí),則用did, do 等助動(dòng)詞)。

  五、分詞+as / though+主語+動(dòng)詞

  Raining hard as it is, I’m going out for a walk. 雖然正在下著大雨,我還是要出去散步。

  Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. 雖然我們被敵人包圍著,但我們還是設(shè)法前進(jìn)了。

  Munching the apple as he was, he had got an eye for all John’s movements. 他盡管在一個(gè)勁地嚼著蘋果,但仍警惕著約翰的一舉一動(dòng)。

  【三條補(bǔ)充說明】

  1. 這類倒裝的讓步狀語從句可用as, though 來引導(dǎo),但不能用although來引導(dǎo);但是,未倒裝的讓步狀語從句則可用though, although來引導(dǎo),而不能用as來引導(dǎo)。也就是說,although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)不能倒裝,as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)必須倒裝,而though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)可以倒裝也可以不倒裝。如:

  雖然很晚了,但我們還是繼續(xù)工作。

  正:Late as [though] it was, we still went on working.

  正:Though [Although] it was late, we still went on working.

  誤:Late although it was, we still went on working.

  誤:As it was late, we still went on working.

  2. 上面提到的.倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)也可用來表示原因,區(qū)別的辦法主要看句子的內(nèi)容:讓步從句的內(nèi)容大多數(shù)與主句在意義上相反,而原因從句則與主句之間有因果關(guān)系。比較:

  Tired as he was, he sat up late studying at night. 昨晚他雖然很疲倦了,但還是學(xué)習(xí)到很晚才睡。(表讓步)

  Tired as he was, he went to bed early. 因?yàn)楹芾郏运煤茉纭?表原因)

  Young as he was, he was equal to the task. 他雖年輕,卻能勝任這項(xiàng)工作。(表讓步)

  Young as he was, he was not equal to the task. 他因?yàn)槟贻p,所以不能勝任這項(xiàng)工作。(表原因)

  3. 在美國英語中,人們通常用as…as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如:

  Cold as it was, we went out.=As cold as it was, we went out. 盡管天氣冷,我們還是出去了。

  Successful as he is, he is not proud.=As successful as he is, he is not proud. 他雖成功了,但不驕傲。

  英語語法倒裝句知識(shí)點(diǎn):“only+狀語”置于句首句子要倒裝

  請(qǐng)看下面一道涉及only的倒裝試題:

  Only in this way __________ able to finish the work in time.

  A. can you be B. are you C. you can be D. you are

  此題應(yīng)選 B。容易誤選D。至于A,C,這比較容易排除,因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞 can 不能與 be able to用在同一謂語中。本題之所以要選B而不選D,主要是因?yàn)榫涫子昧薿nly in thisway 的緣故,按照英語語法規(guī)則:“only+狀語”位于句首,句子通常要用倒裝語序(部分倒裝——用一般疑問句形式)。如:

  1. “only 副詞”位于句首。如:

  Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 只是到了那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到是我錯(cuò)了。

  2. “only+介詞短語”位于句首。如:

  Only by working hard can you succeed. 只有努力工作你才能成功。

  Only in the reading-room can you find him. 你只有在閱覽室才能找到他。

  3. “only+狀語從句”位于句首。如:

  Only when one loses freedom does one know itsvalue. 一個(gè)人只有在失去自由后才知道自由的可貴。

  注意:若位于句首的不是only+狀語,而是 only+賓語等,則通常無需倒裝(但有時(shí)也可以倒裝)。如:

  Only a policeman the children saw in the street. 孩子們?cè)诮稚现豢吹揭粋(gè)警察。

  Only one more point will I make. 我只再說明一點(diǎn)。

  英語語法感嘆句知識(shí)點(diǎn):感嘆句的基本句型

  【句型一】What + (a / an) + 形容詞 + 名詞 + 主語 + 謂語!

  What a clever boy he is! (他是個(gè))多么聰明的男孩啊!

  What an interesting story it is! (這是個(gè))多么有趣的故事啊!

  What fine weather it is! 多好的天氣啊!

  What beautiful flowers they are! (它們是)多么漂亮的花啊!

  【說明】 在感嘆句中,What a / an 常用來修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,若其前面的形容詞為元音開頭,則用 an。what 是用來修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。但有些不可數(shù)名詞,如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等,當(dāng)前面有形容詞修飾,使抽象名詞具體化時(shí),則要用 what a / an,如:

  What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一場(chǎng)雨啊!

  What a great surprise it is! 這多么令人驚奇啊!

  What a rich breakfast it is! 多么豐盛的一頓早餐啊!

  【句型二】How + 形容詞 / 副詞 + 主語 + 謂語!

  How well you look! 你氣色真好!

  How kind you are! 你心腸真好!

  How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真好聽!

  Strawberries! How nice! 草莓! 多好呀!

  How clever the boy is! 這個(gè)男孩多么聰明啊!

  How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊!

  【說明】how還可以修飾動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成感嘆句,但動(dòng)詞不提前。如:

  How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成為一名醫(yī)生啊!

  How she dances! 她跳得多好啊!

  英語語法感嘆句知識(shí)點(diǎn):陳述句改為感嘆句

  感嘆句通常有what, how引導(dǎo),表示贊美、驚嘆、喜 悅、等感情。what修飾名詞,how 修飾形容詞,副詞或動(dòng)詞,感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以下幾種:

  How +形容詞+ a +名詞+其他成分!

  How+形容詞或副詞+其他成分!

  What +名詞+其他成分!

  What +a+形容詞+名詞+其他成分!

  What + 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+其他成分!

  What + 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+其他成分!

  請(qǐng)看以下例子:

  It’s an interesting film. 這是一部有趣的電影。

  → What an interesting film it is! 這是一部多有趣的電影啊!

  It’s wonderful weather. 天氣很好。

  → What wonderful weather! 天氣真好!

  He did the work carefully. 他做這工作很仔細(xì)。

  → How carefully he did the work! 他做這工作多仔細(xì)啊!

  Time passed quickly. 時(shí)間過得很快。

  → How quickly time passed! 時(shí)間過得真快!

  英語語法感嘆句知識(shí)點(diǎn):感嘆句后接附加疑問句

  感嘆句之后有時(shí)可接附加疑問句,如:

  How odd, isn’t it?

  多怪,是不是?

  What a magnificent building, isn’t it?

  多么雄偉的建筑,對(duì)不對(duì)!

  How nice, isn’t it?

  多好呀,不是嗎!

  What a bad cough he has, doesn’t he?

  他咳得好歷害,是不是?

  How exciting the game is, isn’t it?

  好刺激的比賽啊,不是嗎?

英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)14

  1. when 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句

  (1)when可以和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,也可以和短暫性動(dòng)詞連用。

  例句:Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(get為短暫性動(dòng)詞)你已經(jīng)找到如此好的工作,為何還想再找新的?

  when從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前、之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生。

  例句:When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先發(fā)生)當(dāng)他完成作業(yè)后,他休息了一會(huì)兒。

  When I got to the airport,the guests had left.(got to后發(fā)生)當(dāng)我趕到飛機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí),客人們已經(jīng)離開了。

  2. that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

  名詞從句作動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí),前面的that常被省略,特別是在非正式語體中。

  例句:I suggested (that) they should drive along the coast. 我建議他們沿著海岸開車。

  I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我會(huì)成功。

  3. which 引導(dǎo)的主語從句。

  例句:Which book they will choose is still unknown. 他們將選擇哪本書仍然不被人知。

  4.過去完成時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)

  (1)過去完成時(shí)(past perfect tense):強(qiáng)調(diào)的是過去某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在另一動(dòng)作前或過去某個(gè)時(shí)間常常用到的時(shí)態(tài),或指在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間段已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,它就是過去的`過去。 ①表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的某種影響或結(jié)果,用來指定在另一個(gè)過去行動(dòng)之前就已經(jīng)完成了的一個(gè)事件。②過去某動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在將來可能還要延續(xù)下去。句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去之前(過去的過去),即過去完成時(shí)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去。例句: He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他說他已經(jīng)去過北京兩次。

  (2)過去將來時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。即:過去將來時(shí)是“立足過去,著眼未來”的一種時(shí)態(tài), 常用于賓語從句中。判斷這種時(shí)態(tài)的依據(jù)是:要有表示過去的“動(dòng)作”, 而不是時(shí)間。例句:I heard that they were going to return to Shanghai soon. 我聽說他們不久要回到上海。

  5. there be句型:表示的是 “某處有(存在)某人或某物”,其結(jié)構(gòu)為There be (is,are,was, were )+名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語。例句:There are fifty-two students in our class. 教室里有52個(gè)學(xué)生。

英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)15

  現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系,同時(shí)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行:

  There is someone waiting for him.

  有人在等他。

  There was a man standing in front of me.

  我前面站著一個(gè)男人。

  There were some children swimming in the river.

  有些小孩在河里游泳。

  There were a group of young people working in the fields.

  有一群青年在地里勞動(dòng)。

  有時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞可表示一種狀態(tài):

  There’s a piano standing against the wall.

  靠墻有一架鋼琴。

  There’re a lot of difficulties facing us.

  我們面前有很多困難。

  There is a door leading to the garden.

  有一座門通往花園。

  有個(gè)別現(xiàn)在分詞用于該結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)可以表示將來(正如它們可用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來一樣):

  There are ten people coming to dinner.

  有10個(gè)人來吃晚飯。

  英語語法強(qiáng)調(diào)句知識(shí)點(diǎn):判斷此題是定語從句還是強(qiáng)調(diào)句

  有這樣一道題:

  It was in the small house _________ was built with stones by his father _________ he spent his childhood.

  A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, where

  答案選A,填對(duì)此句的關(guān)鍵是要弄清第二空必須填 that,因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為 in the small house (以及修飾它的定語從句 which was built with stones by his father)。又如:

  (1) It was the boy _________ had been in prison _________ stole the money.

  A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which

  【分析】此題答案選C,全句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是 the boy (以及修飾它的定語從句who had been in prison)。

  (2) It was just in the room _________ he was born _________ he died.

  A. where, which B. that, that C. where, that D. which, that

  【分析】此題答案選C,全句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是 in this room,where he was born 為修飾 the room 的定語從句。

  英語語法強(qiáng)調(diào)句知識(shí)點(diǎn):強(qiáng)調(diào)句與從句的比較

  1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句與主語從句的比較

  強(qiáng)調(diào)句將句子中的it is / was …that同時(shí)省去,句子仍然成立;而主語從句將that與后面部分代替it,成立。如:

  (1) It is Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday. 你昨天在街上所見到的就是李蕾的兄弟。

  本句若將It is 及 that同時(shí)省去為:You met Li Lei’s brother in the street yesterday. 句子同樣成立,因此前面的句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

  (2) It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V. 我們成功地發(fā)射了神舟五號(hào)這件事情真令人興奮。

  本句若將It is 及 that同時(shí)省去為:We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou V. 顯然句子錯(cuò)誤,因此,前面句子不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,而是主語從句。

  2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語從句的比較

  ◎強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的It沒有實(shí)際意義,It be與that可同時(shí)被省略;而定語從句中的It是主語,It be與that不可同時(shí)省略;

  ◎強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中be的時(shí)態(tài)須跟后面句子的`時(shí)態(tài)相一致;而定語從句中主句謂語動(dòng)詞be的時(shí)態(tài)須由主句的時(shí)間確定

  ◎強(qiáng)調(diào)句將句子中的that不能省略,并且即使前面的名詞是事物時(shí),也不能將that換成which;而定語從句中的that作賓語時(shí)可被省略,并且當(dāng)先行詞是事物時(shí)可用which代替。

  ◎當(dāng)it be后面的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)名詞作主語、賓語或表語時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞可用that / which;而作其他成分時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞須用when / which。如:

  (1) It is an English book (that / which) I bought yesterday. 它是我昨天買的書。(本句是對(duì)What is that?問句的回答,that所引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,that可被省略)

  It was the English book that I bought yesterday. 昨天我所賣的就是這本書。(本句相當(dāng)于對(duì)I bought the English book yesterday中an English book進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào))

  (2) It was a room where we used to have meetings. 它是我們過去常在開會(huì)的房子。(where 所引導(dǎo)的從句對(duì)前面的room進(jìn)行說明,它是定語從句)

  It was in the room that we used to have meetings. 過去我們開會(huì)就在這間房子里。(in the room是被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分,本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)

  (3) It is a day when the people celebrate their victory. 這是人們慶祝他們的勝利的日子。 (when所引導(dǎo)的從句對(duì)a day進(jìn)行說明,是定語從句)

  It was on that day that people celebrated their victory. 就在那一天,人們慶祝了他們的勝利。(強(qiáng)調(diào)on October 1, 1949)

  3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句與狀語從句的比較

  ◎狀語從句句首的It本身就是句子的主語;而強(qiáng)調(diào)句首的It不作任何成分也沒有實(shí)際意義。

  ◎狀語從句的連接副詞that及句子前面的It be不能去掉。

  ◎狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞可以是when / where,而強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that不能用其他詞代替。如:

  (1) It is such an interesting book that we all like it very much. 它是一本如此有趣的書,我們大家都非常喜歡。(結(jié)果狀語主從復(fù)合句)

  It is such an interesting book that we all like very much. 我們大家都非常喜歡的就是一本如此有趣的書。(強(qiáng)調(diào)such an interesting book)

  (比較:It is such an interesting book as we all like very much. 這就是我們大家都非常喜歡的如此有趣的書。定語從句)

  (2) It was already morning when he woke up. 當(dāng)他醒來時(shí),已經(jīng)是早晨了。(時(shí)間主從復(fù)合句)

  It was the next morning that he woke up. 就在第二天早晨他醒來了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)the next morning)

  英語語法倒裝句知識(shí)點(diǎn):“only+狀語”置于句首句子要倒裝

  請(qǐng)看下面一道涉及only的倒裝試題:

  Only in this way __________ able to finish the work in time.

  A. can you be B. are you C. you can be D. you are

  此題應(yīng)選 B。容易誤選D。至于A,C,這比較容易排除,因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞 can 不能與 be able to用在同一謂語中。本題之所以要選B而不選D,主要是因?yàn)榫涫子昧薿nly in thisway 的緣故,按照英語語法規(guī)則:“only+狀語”位于句首,句子通常要用倒裝語序(部分倒裝——用一般疑問句形式)。如:

  1. “only 副詞”位于句首。如:

  Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 只是到了那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到是我錯(cuò)了。

  2. “only+介詞短語”位于句首。如:

  Only by working hard can you succeed. 只有努力工作你才能成功。

  Only in the reading-room can you find him. 你只有在閱覽室才能找到他。

  3. “only+狀語從句”位于句首。如:

  Only when one loses freedom does one know itsvalue. 一個(gè)人只有在失去自由后才知道自由的可貴。

  注意:若位于句首的不是only+狀語,而是 only+賓語等,則通常無需倒裝(但有時(shí)也可以倒裝)。如:

  Only a policeman the children saw in the street. 孩子們?cè)诮稚现豢吹揭粋(gè)警察。

  Only one more point will I make. 我只再說明一點(diǎn)。

  英語語法感嘆句知識(shí)點(diǎn):感嘆句的基本句型

  【句型一】What + (a / an) + 形容詞 + 名詞 + 主語 + 謂語!

  What a clever boy he is! (他是個(gè))多么聰明的男孩啊!

  What an interesting story it is! (這是個(gè))多么有趣的故事啊!

  What fine weather it is! 多好的天氣啊!

  What beautiful flowers they are! (它們是)多么漂亮的花啊!

  【說明】 在感嘆句中,What a / an 常用來修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,若其前面的形容詞為元音開頭,則用 an。what 是用來修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。但有些不可數(shù)名詞,如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等,當(dāng)前面有形容詞修飾,使抽象名詞具體化時(shí),則要用 what a / an,如:

  What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一場(chǎng)雨啊!

  What a great surprise it is! 這多么令人驚奇啊!

  What a rich breakfast it is! 多么豐盛的一頓早餐啊!

  【句型二】How + 形容詞 / 副詞 + 主語 + 謂語!

  How well you look! 你氣色真好!

  How kind you are! 你心腸真好!

  How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真好聽!

  Strawberries! How nice! 草莓! 多好呀!

  How clever the boy is! 這個(gè)男孩多么聰明啊!

  How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊!

  【說明】how還可以修飾動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成感嘆句,但動(dòng)詞不提前。如:

  How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成為一名醫(yī)生啊!

  How she dances! 她跳得多好啊!

  英語語法感嘆句知識(shí)點(diǎn):陳述句改為感嘆句

  感嘆句通常有what, how引導(dǎo),表示贊美、驚嘆、喜 悅、等感情。what修飾名詞,how 修飾形容詞,副詞或動(dòng)詞,感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以下幾種:

  How +形容詞+ a +名詞+其他成分!

  How+形容詞或副詞+其他成分!

  What +名詞+其他成分!

  What +a+形容詞+名詞+其他成分!

  What + 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+其他成分!

  What + 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+其他成分!

  請(qǐng)看以下例子:

  It’s an interesting film. 這是一部有趣的電影。

  → What an interesting film it is! 這是一部多有趣的電影啊!

  It’s wonderful weather. 天氣很好。

  → What wonderful weather! 天氣真好!

  He did the work carefully. 他做這工作很仔細(xì)。

  → How carefully he did the work! 他做這工作多仔細(xì)啊!

  Time passed quickly. 時(shí)間過得很快。

  → How quickly time passed! 時(shí)間過得真快!

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