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語法復(fù)習(xí)十六：代 詞
It 的用法
�。保魅朔Q代詞
John likes playing Pingpong．/ He always does it in the afternoon．(指代上下文提到的事物)；/ It's time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer．/ It's very quiet at the moment．(可指時間、天氣、環(huán)境等)
�。玻龑�(dǎo)詞
�。粒餍问街髡Z，代替由不定式、動名詞或從句表示的真正主語。
It's important for us to learn a second language．/ It's no use talking to him．/ It's known to all that the earth goes round the sun．
B．作形式賓語，代替由不定式、動名詞或從句表示的真正賓語。
We feel it our duty to help others．/ He made it clear that he would leave the city．
C．強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：It is (was) +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that (或who)…
注意: 在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，如被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為時間狀語或地點狀語，其后的連接詞也絕不能為when 或where，而應(yīng)用that 。在復(fù)習(xí)中，一定要注意句式的不同。
It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar．(that引起強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar．(where引起定從)
It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there．(when引起時間狀語從句）
It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there．（that 引起強(qiáng)調(diào)句）
3. it，one，that 的區(qū)別：作為代詞，這三個詞的對比使用是高考的熱點之一。
NMET2000，23．
---Why don't we take a little break? ---Didn't we just have __________?
A．it B．that C．one D．this
NMET2001，25．
The Parkers bought a new house but _________will need a lot of work before they can move in．
A．they B．it C．one D．which
one 用以指代同類事物中的任一，that 特指性強(qiáng)，指代可數(shù)與不可數(shù)詞，而it指代上文提過的同一事物。
不定代詞
不定代詞種類較多，用法各異，在使用中一定要注意區(qū)別。
1、both，either ，neither 都表兩者范圍，在句中作主語、賓語、定語 ，both可用作同位語。 both 意為"兩者都"，either 表"兩者中任一個"，neither表"兩者都不"。
2、any，none ，all 表三者或三者以上范圍，any 表任何一個、一些(不可數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)概念，用于否定句、疑問句或條件從句中)；none 表三者或三者以上中的哪一個都不；表示不可數(shù)物中的一點兒也沒有；all 整個的；所有的(三者或三者以上)；所有的(不可數(shù))。
e.g.This book is a good seller，so you can buy it at any shop in Beijing．/ None of us are/is perfect．/ All of the village was flooded．
3、no one，nobody，none，nothing：no one，nobody表沒有人，nothing 指沒有什么事物，none 兼指人和物。none 著眼于數(shù)量概念。"特指的人或物一個也沒有，一點兒也沒有"。
----How many people are there in the hall ? ----None．
----who wants to go with him ? ----No one(Nobody)．
----What can you see in the bottle ? ----Nothing．
----Is there any water in it ? ----None．
4、another，the other，the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或the others)，other (或other +復(fù)數(shù)名詞)：another 表三者或三者以上范疇中的任一；與數(shù)詞連用，表"再有"；the other 表兩者中的另外那個，特指；the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或the others)，另外那些，表示其余所有的人或物，用于特指；others (或other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞)另一些，表余下人或物中的另一些，泛指。
---I don't like this，show me another one．(NMET 2000，16)
If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay_______$15．
A．a(chǎn)nother B．other C．more D．Each (A)
人稱、物主、反身、指示代詞
高考重點要求
1．掌握人稱代詞、物主代詞、疑問代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞的基本用法。2．重點掌握不定代詞的指代含義及數(shù)的情況，能通過語境準(zhǔn)確選取答案。3．掌握it的基本用法。
一．人稱代詞
1）分清主格和賓格形式。
eg：---I love you more than her，child ．/ ---You mean more than ___love her or more than she loves____? A． you；me B．I；you C．you；you D．I；me
2)注意約定俗成的用法。
---Who is it ? ---It's me ． ---I'd like to have a rest ． ---Me，too．
3）使用we 和you 泛指一般人
4)使用she代表國家、船只、月亮、大地等
China is a great country．She has a long history．
5)并列主語或賓語中順序是：you，he(she) and I； we，you and they
二．物主代詞：名詞性物主代詞――在句中做主語、賓語、表語、補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成雙重所有格：a friend of mine 。形容詞性物主代詞――只能起定語作用。
三．反身代詞
1) 在句中作賓語、表語和同位語；2)單復(fù)數(shù)的確定；3)在一些語境中的特殊含義。
e.g. I'm not quite myself today．我今天不大舒服。/ Ｍake yourself at home．不要拘禮；請隨便吧。 / Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．別緊張，喜歡吃什么就吃什么。/ Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快嗎？
四．指示代詞
�。ㄒ唬﹖his，that，these those
1．在句子中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。
2．this(these)一般指時間和空間上較近的人或物，而that (those)常指時間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。e.g. This is a novel and that is a magazine．
3．this(these)一般指后面要講到的事物，而that(those)常指前面講到的事物。e.g. What he told me is this：he wanted to go to Beijing．/ He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．
4．that，those 常用來指代前面提到過的某個名詞。e.g. The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1995．( that 代替oil output) / The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．
�。ǘ﹕uch
such引起倒裝句，謂語數(shù)取決于后面主語的數(shù)：e.g Such is my answer．/ Such are our people．
做定語，注意和so 的區(qū)別，尤其是在so …that， such…that 句型中。e.g. I have never seen such beautiful flowers．(復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，so 不可) / I have never seen such a great film．(也可為so great a film) / We have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing．(不可數(shù)詞前，不可用so) / There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．(在數(shù)量概念的many，much，little，few 之前，不可用such )
練習(xí)（一）、代 詞
一、強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練：
1. New English-Chinese Dictionary has been republished several times,_____ more up to date than the last edition.
A. any B. everyone C. either D. each
2. After paying 1,000 dollars_____ ,you'll all become full members of our club.
A. each B. all C. every D. both
3._____ was her cruelty that we all hated her.
A. It B. What C. That D. Such
4. Mary has been ill in bed for a week. I wonder if she is _____ better now.
A. much B. some C. any D. very
5. -Which of these two ties will you take? -I don't like these. Do you have any_____ ?
A. one B. other C. ones D. others
6. I' d rather ride a bike as bike riding has _____ of the trouble of taking buses.
A. much B. all C. neither D. none
7. I need some blue ink today but there is _____ at hand.
A. not B. nothing C. a little D. none
8. I found the very watch of mine _____ I had left _____ .
A. where, it B. that, it C. which, one D. where, one
9. I haven't got time to get the tickets. Who's going to ____?
A. do so B. do it C. buy it D. do
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